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抗生素的主要排泄途径是肾脏。例如使用氨基糖甙类、头孢菌素族、多粘菌素等,90％以上是经肾排泄。因此,肾功能的状态或不同的给药方法将可以影响药物在体内的排泄,从而使血药的浓度亦不同。由于抗菌素的作用、毒性与血药浓度呈现相关性,其随着血药的浓度变化,药物的作用,毒性也将受到影响。一、疾病对血药浓度与疗效影响 (一)肾功能坏损和血药浓度及疗效:很多疾病可造成肾功受损,从而影响抗生素的肾脏清除。肾功能受损对抗生素肾清除主要效应,不是作用于血药浓度的峰值,而是作用于血药浓度曲线下降段,影响曲线斜率,使其平坦,其药物的血清消除半衰期(常用t/2β表
The main route of excretion of antibiotics is the kidneys. For example, the use of aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, polymyxins, etc., more than 90% is excreted by the kidneys. Therefore, the status of renal function or different methods of administration will affect the excretion of drugs in the body, so that the blood concentration is also different. As the role of antibiotics, toxicity and plasma concentration showed a correlation with the concentration of blood drug levels, the role of drugs, toxicity will also be affected. First, the disease on the blood concentration and efficacy of (a) renal damage and blood concentration and efficacy: a lot of diseases can cause renal damage, thus affecting the removal of antibiotics in the kidneys. Impaired renal function on the main effect of renal clearance of antibiotics, rather than the peak value of plasma concentration, but rather on the decline in plasma concentration curve, affecting the slope of the curve, making it flat, the drug elimination half-life of serum (commonly used t / 2 table