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1993～1994年在北京对六个冬小麦品种（系）籽粒发育程度及不同发育程度籽粒的发芽力、活力进行了研究。从花后5天（5DAA）开始每3天取样一次，测定籽粒的干重，观察了其中两种材料发有早期籽粒种胚的器官分化，对各发育程度种子进行了标准发芽测定及田间幼苗活力鉴定。结果表明：籽粒干重随发育不断增加，生理成熟后又有所下降（0．4％～5.4％）。SDAA种子胚处于胚阶段，8DAA种胶刚开始器官分化，11DAA种胚分化出了主胚根、胚芽勒、第一真叶及子叶，14DAA种胚分化出了第二真叶、一对侧胚根和外胚叶。5DAA种子即具有一定的发芽力（54％）和田间出苗力（39％），20DAA种子的发芽力及23DAA种子苗的分蘖力可达到成勤种子的水平；种子的活力水平随发育不断增高，生理成熟后3～6天种子的活力水平高于生理成熟的种子。14DAA种子的田间出苗率（92％）与生理成熟种子（95％）相近，该发育程度的籽粒可以用于育种加代及作种用。不同品种（系）在发芽力及活力方面存在差异。
The grain development and the germination and vigor of six winter wheat cultivars (lines) from 1993 to 1994 were studied in Beijing. The samples were taken every 3 days from 5 days after flowering to determine the dry weight of the seeds. The differentiation of organs in which two embryos were embryo germinated was observed. The standard germination test was conducted on the seed of each development level and the field seedlings Vital identification. The results showed that the dry weight of kernels increased with the development and decreased after physiological maturity (0.4% -5.4%). The SDAA seed embryo was in the embryo stage, the 8DAA seed gum just started organ differentiation, and the 11 DAA embryo differentiated into the main radicle, the embryo bud, the first true leaf and the cotyledon, the 14DAA embryo differentiated the second true leaf, Root and ectoderm. 5DAA seeds had the same germination ability (54%) and field emergence (39%). The germination ability of 20DAA seeds and the tillering ability of 23DAA seedlings could reach the level of seedlings. The seed vigor increased with the development, Physiological maturity 3 to 6 days after the seeds of the vitality level is higher than the physiological maturity of the seeds. The seedling emergence rate (92%) of 14 DAA seeds was similar to that of the physiological mature seeds (95%), and the seeds of this degree of development could be used for breeding and breeding. Different varieties (lines) in the germination and vitality differences.