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中国传统社会中依血缘、地缘等纽带结成的各种初级、次级社会关系在社会保障中发挥作用,所体现出的保障机制可以称为“乡土互助圈”。明清至近代,两湖地区主要有“喜庆圈”、“丧葬圈”、“互助型民间会社”等形式的“乡土互助圈”。“乡土互助圈”以戚友关系为基础凝聚而成,是中国传统社会长期起作用的基本社会保障机制,它应当成为中国社会保障理论与实践的起点。
Various primary and secondary social relations formed by ties of blood and geography in traditional Chinese society play a role in social security. The guarantee mechanism embodied in this can be called the “local mutual aid circle.” Ming and Qing Dynasties to modern times, the two lakes region mainly “Happy Circle ”, “funeral circle ”, “mutual aid civil society ” and other forms of The “Collaborative Circle of Local Communities”, which is based on the friendship between the two peoples, is a basic social security mechanism that has long been in use in traditional Chinese society. It should serve as a starting point for the theory and practice of social security in China.