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水库的土坝一般不能从坝身溢流,需另建河岸式溢洪道等常规泄洪设施。这类设施工程量较大,往往要消耗大量资金、材料和劳力。因此,有些已建成的土坝水库,特别是中、小型库、坝,都没有泄洪设施,不能正常蓄水发挥效益,甚至无法保证渡汛安全,形成了大量的急待加固处理的险库。为了寻求土坝水库安全、经济的泄洪途径,自五十年代起,就已开始研究过水土坝。当时主要采用混凝土、砌石等刚性材料砌筑过流护面。七十年代以来,才由刚性材料护面向柔性材料发展,对沥青护面进行了试验研究。吉
In general, the dam of the reservoir can not overflow from the dam body, and other conventional flood discharge facilities such as riverbank spillways are required. Such facilities are large projects, often consume a lot of money, materials and labor. Therefore, some completed earth dam reservoirs, especially small and medium-sized reservoirs and dams, have no flood discharge facilities, can not benefit from normal water storage, can not even guarantee the flood safety, and form a large number of dangerous reservoirs to be dealt with urgently. In order to seek a safe and economical flood discharge route for earth dam, reservoir earth dam has been studied since the 1950s. At that time, the main use of concrete, masonry and other rigid materials masonry over-current protection. Since the seventies, only by the development of rigid materials for the protection of flexible materials, the asphalt protective surface was studied. Ji