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【高考例题】
例1 (2011年辽宁卷)Bring the flowers into a warm room_________they’ll soon open.
A.or
B.and
C.but
D.for
分析 答案B。本题考查并列连词的选择。此处是“祈使句+and”结构,表示“只要……就……”。
例2 (2011年山东卷)Find ways to praise your children often,_________ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you．
A.till
B.or
C.and
D.but
分析 答案C。本题考查并列连词的选择。此处是“祈使句+and”结构,表示“只要……就……”。
例3 (2011年安徽卷)His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out_________ he is trying to express.
A.that
B.how
C.who
D.what
分析 答案D。本题考查复合句。此处是what引导的宾语从句。
例4 (2010年福建卷)We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have_________we have here and treat food nicely.
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.whether
分析 答案C。本题考查复合句。此处是what引导的宾语从句。
例5 (2011年北京卷) volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball．
A.Since
B.Once
C.Unless
D.While
分析 答案D。本题考查复合句。此处是while引导的让步状语从句。
不要忘记一个人最伟大的情感需要是得到别人的欣赏。
例6 (2010年湖南卷)Tim is in good shape physically_________he doesn’t get much exercise.
A.if
B.even though
C.unless
D.as long as
【分析】答案B。本题考查复合句。此处是even though引导的让步状语从句。
例7 (2011年湖南卷)Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of_________she spoke fluently．
A.who
B.whom
C.which
D.that
分析 答案C。本题考查复合句。此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
例8 (2011年江苏卷)It was never clear_________the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner．
A.that
B.how
C.when
D.why
分析 答案D。本题考查复合句。此处是why引导的主语从句。It是形式主语。
【考纲综述】
高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如:and, but, or, while,以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。以及从句与主句的谓语动词的时态、主句和从句的语序、一些习惯用语和特殊的句式应用。
【知识回顾】
英语中,复杂句子主要有以下几类：
1. 较长的简单句
分析理解较长的简单句,重要的是要找出句子的主语和谓语部分。
The young man from the north of the city often reads English in the early morning. 从城市北部来的那个年轻人经常在清早读英语。
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 她喜欢绘画并经常为墙报画图。
2. 并列句
并列句通常是由两个或两个以上的分句构成,并且这些分句的并列连词有：and, or, but等。每个单句都可以独立存在。
My friend helps you and you help him. 我朋友帮助你,你帮助他。
Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late for the meeting. 快点, 要不然你就要开会迟到了。
3. 复合句
复合句通常由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。从句有相应的连接词引导。从句可以是定语从句、状语从句以及名词性从句。复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：
While the parents love the children, they are strict with them. 父母们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。
The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 外国游客在长城时拍了好多照片。
It seemed as if the meeting would never end. 看起来会议没完没了。
However I explain the problem, the child still does not understand. 不管我用什么方法讲那个问题,小孩就是不理解。
The news that our team has won the match is true. 那个消息,就是我们队赢得比赛,是真实的。
4. 复杂复合句
这种句子结构复杂,句子中通常既有并列句又有复合句。
People who want to relax themselves go to the park and they will enjoy themselves there. 想要放松的人们去公园,他们将在那儿玩得愉快。
Don’t forget that a person’s greatest emotional need is to feel appreciated.
●巩
●固
●练
●习
1. Don’t be discouraged._________things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A.Taking
B.To take
C.Take
D.Taken
2. —Someone is waiting for you at the company gate．
— nobody knows I am here．
A.Although
B.And
C.But
D.So
3. Her uncle has become a doctor,_________he wanted to be.
A.who
B.that
C.what
D.which
4. Just use this meetingroom now, and we’ll offer you a larger one_________it becomes available.
A.as soon as
B.unless
C.as far as
D.until
5. Let the children express their thoughts freely, they are different from your own.
A.until
B.even if
C.unless
D.as though
6. When I got to the checkout counter, I realized I didn’t have enough money, so I kept_________
I really needed and left the rest.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.where
7. —Do you have any idea for this weekend？
—I don’t mind where we get_________it has great fun．
A.as if
B.as long as
C.now that
D.in order that
8. —Please come in and have a look at the hall．
—Well, big_________it is, the equipment is too old．
A.while
B.as
C.how
D.when
9. —Mum, I’ve finished my homework.
—Good, and_________you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb your father.
A.whenever
B.whether
C.whatever
D.no matter
10. The day before yesterday, Lin Min came to visit a village school,_________is named after his father.
A.which
B.where
C.what
D.that
11. Li Ming told me the news_________Liu Xiang came out first during the men’s 110m hurdles final of athletics at the 16th Asian Games．
A.that
B.which
C.when
D.where
12._________I couldn’t understand was_________more and more students liked to play computer games after class.
A.What; why
B.That; what
C.What; because
D.Why; what
13. They wanted to charge $6,000 for the house,_________we managed to bring the price down at last.
A.but
B.so
C.when
D.since
14. Miss Helen shut everybody out of the room __________she could prepare her surprise for the birthday party.
A.which
B.when
C.as if
D.so that
15._________matters most in learning this kind of project is enough practice.
A.What
B.Why
C.Where
D.Which
16. Stand over there_________you will be able to see the tower on the mountain better.
A.or
B.while
C.but
D.and
17. —Our holiday cost a lot of money．
—Did it？ Well, that doesn’t matter_________you enjoyed yourselves.
A.as long as
B.unless
C.as soon as
D.though
18. We haven’t discussed yet we are going to put the new equipment.
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.where
19. In some countries,_________is called “ equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people．
A.which
B.what
C.that
D.one
20. Because they usually receive the same score on standardized examinations, there is often disagreement as to_________is the better student, Bob or Helen．
A.who
B.which
C.whom
D.whose
履行自己的诺言。
【参考答案】
1. C “祈使句+and+句子“ 的句型。表示“如果……就……”。
2. C 本题考查连词。上文表示“有人在公司门口等你”；下文表示“没有人知道我在这儿”。前后表示转折。
3. D 本题考查非限制性定语从句。此句的意思：她叔叔已经成为一个医生,他也想做个医生。 a doctor 是先行词。
4. A 本题考查连词。此处句子意思是：暂时先用这个会议室,等一有大的可利用就给你提供。
5. B 本题考查从属连词的用法。此处表示“即使他们与你自己的孩子不同”。
6. C 本题考查名词从句连接词的选择。此处宾语从句中缺少宾语,所以选what。
7. Ｂ 本题考查连词。此处as long as表示“只要”。句子意思是“只要有趣”。
8. B 本题考查连词。此处是as引导的让步状语从句。用倒装形式,意思是“虽然大,但这设备太旧”。
9. B 根据题干出现的可提供选择的两个动作play和watch TV可判断出应选whether。Whether 引导让步状语从句,意思是“无论”。
10. A 本题考查非限制性定语从句。此处非限制性定语从句缺少主语,所以选which。
11. A 本题考查名词从句。此处that引导同位语从句,解释说明the news的内容。
12. A 本题考查名词从句。第一空是what引导的主语从句,what在从句中充当宾语；第二空why引导的表语从句,表示原因。
13. A 此题考查连词的用法。But 表示转折关系。
14. D 此题考查状语从句中连词的正确使用。根据题意此处应用so that 引导的状语从句,表示“以便”的意思。
15. A 本题考查名词从句中的连接词。根据句意, 主语从句缺主语，所以选what。
16. D 本题考查“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的句型。题干的意思是“站到那边去,你就可以看得更清楚。”
17. A 本题考查连词。此处表示“只要(as long as)你玩得愉快”。符合句子的语境。
18. D 本题考查宾语从句连接词。句子意思是：我们还没讨论我们要把新设备放在哪儿。
19. B what 相当于the thing that。 What引出的从句what is called “equality”在全句中作主语用。
20. A “因为她们总是在标准检测中取得相同的成绩,所以总是在Bob和Helen中谁是更好的学生产生歧义。”
例1 (2011年辽宁卷)Bring the flowers into a warm room_________they’ll soon open.
A.or
B.and
C.but
D.for
分析 答案B。本题考查并列连词的选择。此处是“祈使句+and”结构,表示“只要……就……”。
例2 (2011年山东卷)Find ways to praise your children often,_________ you’ll find they will open their hearts to you．
A.till
B.or
C.and
D.but
分析 答案C。本题考查并列连词的选择。此处是“祈使句+and”结构,表示“只要……就……”。
例3 (2011年安徽卷)His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out_________ he is trying to express.
A.that
B.how
C.who
D.what
分析 答案D。本题考查复合句。此处是what引导的宾语从句。
例4 (2010年福建卷)We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have_________we have here and treat food nicely.
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.whether
分析 答案C。本题考查复合句。此处是what引导的宾语从句。
例5 (2011年北京卷) volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball．
A.Since
B.Once
C.Unless
D.While
分析 答案D。本题考查复合句。此处是while引导的让步状语从句。
不要忘记一个人最伟大的情感需要是得到别人的欣赏。
例6 (2010年湖南卷)Tim is in good shape physically_________he doesn’t get much exercise.
A.if
B.even though
C.unless
D.as long as
【分析】答案B。本题考查复合句。此处是even though引导的让步状语从句。
例7 (2011年湖南卷)Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of_________she spoke fluently．
A.who
B.whom
C.which
D.that
分析 答案C。本题考查复合句。此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
例8 (2011年江苏卷)It was never clear_________the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner．
A.that
B.how
C.when
D.why
分析 答案D。本题考查复合句。此处是why引导的主语从句。It是形式主语。
【考纲综述】
高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如:and, but, or, while,以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。以及从句与主句的谓语动词的时态、主句和从句的语序、一些习惯用语和特殊的句式应用。
【知识回顾】
英语中,复杂句子主要有以下几类：
1. 较长的简单句
分析理解较长的简单句,重要的是要找出句子的主语和谓语部分。
The young man from the north of the city often reads English in the early morning. 从城市北部来的那个年轻人经常在清早读英语。
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 她喜欢绘画并经常为墙报画图。
2. 并列句
并列句通常是由两个或两个以上的分句构成,并且这些分句的并列连词有：and, or, but等。每个单句都可以独立存在。
My friend helps you and you help him. 我朋友帮助你,你帮助他。
Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late for the meeting. 快点, 要不然你就要开会迟到了。
3. 复合句
复合句通常由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。从句有相应的连接词引导。从句可以是定语从句、状语从句以及名词性从句。复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：
While the parents love the children, they are strict with them. 父母们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。
The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 外国游客在长城时拍了好多照片。
It seemed as if the meeting would never end. 看起来会议没完没了。
However I explain the problem, the child still does not understand. 不管我用什么方法讲那个问题,小孩就是不理解。
The news that our team has won the match is true. 那个消息,就是我们队赢得比赛,是真实的。
4. 复杂复合句
这种句子结构复杂,句子中通常既有并列句又有复合句。
People who want to relax themselves go to the park and they will enjoy themselves there. 想要放松的人们去公园,他们将在那儿玩得愉快。
Don’t forget that a person’s greatest emotional need is to feel appreciated.
●巩
●固
●练
●习
1. Don’t be discouraged._________things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A.Taking
B.To take
C.Take
D.Taken
2. —Someone is waiting for you at the company gate．
— nobody knows I am here．
A.Although
B.And
C.But
D.So
3. Her uncle has become a doctor,_________he wanted to be.
A.who
B.that
C.what
D.which
4. Just use this meetingroom now, and we’ll offer you a larger one_________it becomes available.
A.as soon as
B.unless
C.as far as
D.until
5. Let the children express their thoughts freely, they are different from your own.
A.until
B.even if
C.unless
D.as though
6. When I got to the checkout counter, I realized I didn’t have enough money, so I kept_________
I really needed and left the rest.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.where
7. —Do you have any idea for this weekend？
—I don’t mind where we get_________it has great fun．
A.as if
B.as long as
C.now that
D.in order that
8. —Please come in and have a look at the hall．
—Well, big_________it is, the equipment is too old．
A.while
B.as
C.how
D.when
9. —Mum, I’ve finished my homework.
—Good, and_________you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb your father.
A.whenever
B.whether
C.whatever
D.no matter
10. The day before yesterday, Lin Min came to visit a village school,_________is named after his father.
A.which
B.where
C.what
D.that
11. Li Ming told me the news_________Liu Xiang came out first during the men’s 110m hurdles final of athletics at the 16th Asian Games．
A.that
B.which
C.when
D.where
12._________I couldn’t understand was_________more and more students liked to play computer games after class.
A.What; why
B.That; what
C.What; because
D.Why; what
13. They wanted to charge $6,000 for the house,_________we managed to bring the price down at last.
A.but
B.so
C.when
D.since
14. Miss Helen shut everybody out of the room __________she could prepare her surprise for the birthday party.
A.which
B.when
C.as if
D.so that
15._________matters most in learning this kind of project is enough practice.
A.What
B.Why
C.Where
D.Which
16. Stand over there_________you will be able to see the tower on the mountain better.
A.or
B.while
C.but
D.and
17. —Our holiday cost a lot of money．
—Did it？ Well, that doesn’t matter_________you enjoyed yourselves.
A.as long as
B.unless
C.as soon as
D.though
18. We haven’t discussed yet we are going to put the new equipment.
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.where
19. In some countries,_________is called “ equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people．
A.which
B.what
C.that
D.one
20. Because they usually receive the same score on standardized examinations, there is often disagreement as to_________is the better student, Bob or Helen．
A.who
B.which
C.whom
D.whose
履行自己的诺言。
【参考答案】
1. C “祈使句+and+句子“ 的句型。表示“如果……就……”。
2. C 本题考查连词。上文表示“有人在公司门口等你”；下文表示“没有人知道我在这儿”。前后表示转折。
3. D 本题考查非限制性定语从句。此句的意思：她叔叔已经成为一个医生,他也想做个医生。 a doctor 是先行词。
4. A 本题考查连词。此处句子意思是：暂时先用这个会议室,等一有大的可利用就给你提供。
5. B 本题考查从属连词的用法。此处表示“即使他们与你自己的孩子不同”。
6. C 本题考查名词从句连接词的选择。此处宾语从句中缺少宾语,所以选what。
7. Ｂ 本题考查连词。此处as long as表示“只要”。句子意思是“只要有趣”。
8. B 本题考查连词。此处是as引导的让步状语从句。用倒装形式,意思是“虽然大,但这设备太旧”。
9. B 根据题干出现的可提供选择的两个动作play和watch TV可判断出应选whether。Whether 引导让步状语从句,意思是“无论”。
10. A 本题考查非限制性定语从句。此处非限制性定语从句缺少主语,所以选which。
11. A 本题考查名词从句。此处that引导同位语从句,解释说明the news的内容。
12. A 本题考查名词从句。第一空是what引导的主语从句,what在从句中充当宾语；第二空why引导的表语从句,表示原因。
13. A 此题考查连词的用法。But 表示转折关系。
14. D 此题考查状语从句中连词的正确使用。根据题意此处应用so that 引导的状语从句,表示“以便”的意思。
15. A 本题考查名词从句中的连接词。根据句意, 主语从句缺主语，所以选what。
16. D 本题考查“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的句型。题干的意思是“站到那边去,你就可以看得更清楚。”
17. A 本题考查连词。此处表示“只要(as long as)你玩得愉快”。符合句子的语境。
18. D 本题考查宾语从句连接词。句子意思是：我们还没讨论我们要把新设备放在哪儿。
19. B what 相当于the thing that。 What引出的从句what is called “equality”在全句中作主语用。
20. A “因为她们总是在标准检测中取得相同的成绩,所以总是在Bob和Helen中谁是更好的学生产生歧义。”