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[目的]为贵州省黔北地区筛选出适宜栽培的樱桃优良品种。[方法]于2011~2014对引进的两个樱桃新品种与一个本地品种进行生物学性状的比较试验,从植株长势情况、枝叶花的特征、果实经济性状、物候期反应、产量性状和抗逆性等生物学性状进行比较研究。[结果]黑珍珠等两个樱桃品种比较于地方品种都表现较好,枝条萌芽率分别为85.42%和80.95%,成枝率分别为18.75%和15.87%,春梢长度分别为35.5和31.6 cm,年春梢生长量分别为6 223.2和5 956.6 cm,叶片大小分别为14.9 cm×7.6 cm和13.8 cm×8.1 cm,花的大小分别为2.5 cm×2.6 cm和2.3 cm×2.4cm,果实成熟期分别为4月下旬~5月上旬和5月上中旬,平均单果重分别3.85g和3.68g,果汁含糖量分别为14.5%和14.2%,果实可食率分别为76.47%和77.23%,座果率分别为28.48%和29.81%,平均单株产量分别为15.6和11.9 kg,折合产量分别为12 282和9 814.5kg/hm2,两个品种适应性分别强和较强。说明黑珍珠樱桃品种表现最佳,乌皮樱桃表现次之,都明显优于地方品种。[结论]建议在该地区条件下,加上配套的栽培技术措施,首选以黑珍珠樱桃品种为主栽品种,适量配置乌皮樱桃栽培为好。
[Objective] The research aimed to screen suitable varieties of cherry for Guizhou northern Guizhou. [Method] The biological characteristics of two new cherry cultivars and one native cultivars introduced from 2011 to 2014 were compared. The characteristics of plant growth, characteristics of branch and leaf flowers, fruit economic traits, phenophase responses, yield traits and resistance Sexual and other biological characteristics of comparative study. [Result] The results showed that two cherry varieties such as black pearl performed better than the local varieties. The germination rate of shoots was 85.42% and 80.95% respectively, the percentages of shoots were 18.75% and 15.87%, and the spring shoots were 35.5 and 31.6 cm , The annual shoot growth was 6 223.2 and 5 956.6 cm respectively, the leaf sizes were 14.9 cm × 7.6 cm and 13.8 cm × 8.1 cm, respectively, and the flower sizes were 2.5 cm × 2.6 cm and 2.3 cm × 2.4 cm respectively. The fruit maturity The average fruit weight was 3.85g and 3.68g respectively, the fruit sugar content was 14.5% and 14.2% respectively, and the fruit edible rate was 76.47% and 77.23% The fruit yields were 28.48% and 29.81%, respectively. The average yield per plant was 15.6 and 11.9 kg, respectively. The yield was 12 282 and 9 814.5 kg / hm2, respectively. The adaptability of the two cultivars were stronger and stronger respectively. It shows that the performance of black pearl cherry is the best, followed by the black peach, which are obviously better than the local varieties. [Conclusion] It is suggested that under the condition of the region, with the companion cultivation techniques and measures, the selection of black pearl cherry varieties as the main varieties, the appropriate configuration of cultivated umbilical cherry is better.