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论文的目的是调查水资源利用状况,分析地下水资源在使用过程中存在的问题以及农民通过机井私有化而改变水资源利用的一些反应状况。研究以河北省农村地下水资源利用为例,论文中所用到的数据主要来自2006年在河北省随机调查的20个村。研究结果表明,河北农村地下水资源的利用主要分为3个阶段:20世纪50年代早期,农民开始打井利用地下水资源;从70年代开始,地下水资源的利用进入了加速期;而80年代中后期,地下水资源被过度利用,随着机井数量的继续增加,一些环境问题不断出现,例如水位的下降等。研究发现,伴随着水位的下降,农民也逐渐做出了适应性反应,他们开始将一些机井的所有权和管理权私有化。而机井的私有化将导致高附加值的作物面积增加(例如,蔬菜和水果等),同时机井的私有化也同作物产量提高之间还存在着积极的关系。最后,研究提出,在设计地下水资源管理政策时,政策制定者需要充分掌握农民的反应,通过正确引导农民的反应提高水资源使用效率。
The purpose of the paper is to investigate the status of water resources utilization, analyze the existing problems in the use of groundwater resources and some responses of peasants to change the utilization of water resources through the privatization of machine shafts. Taking Hebei Province as an example, groundwater resources in Hebei Province are used to study. The data used in this paper mainly come from 20 villages randomly surveyed in Hebei Province in 2006. The results show that the utilization of groundwater resources in Hebei rural areas is mainly divided into three stages: in the early 1950s, farmers began to use wells to harness groundwater resources; from the 1970s, the utilization of groundwater resources entered an acceleration period; and in the mid-1980s , Groundwater resources are over-utilized. As the number of pits continues to increase, some environmental problems continue to emerge, such as declining water levels. The study found that peasants gradually responded adaptively as the water level dropped and they began to privatize ownership and management of some of the shafts. Privatization of the well will result in an increase in the area of high value-added crops (eg, vegetables and fruits) and there is also a positive relationship between the privatization of the wells and the increase in crop yields. Finally, the study suggests that when designing groundwater resources management policies, policy makers need to fully grasp the peasant’s response and improve the efficiency of water use by correctly guiding peasant’s reaction.