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根据2006年春季(5月)和秋季(10月)黄海山东海域疏目变水层双拖网调查数据,作者对该海域鱼类群落多样性、空间分布及长度谱特征进行了研究。调查共捕获鱼类61种,其中鲈形目种类最多(27种),其次为鲱形目(8种)和鲉形目(7种);按摄食类型可分为浮游动物食性、浮游动物/底栖动物食性、底栖动物食性、底栖动物/游泳动物食性、游泳动物食性、杂食性、碎屑食性7个类群,其中浮游动物食性占渔获物重量组成的82.5%。春、秋季鱼类群落均主要由小型种类占优势,春季优势种有3种,为玉筋鱼(Ammodytes personatus)、鳀(Engraulis japonicus)和方氏锦鳚(Pholis fangi),秋季优势种有5种,分别是鳀、青鳞小沙丁鱼(Sardinella zunasi)、玉筋鱼、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis)。丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)、均匀度指数(J’)的空间异质性明显,表现出近岸海域(尤其是青岛-乳山南部近岸海域)较高,深水区较低的态势,但多样性指数的季节间差异不显著。资源量与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)、均匀度指数(J’)、功能团多样性指数(FD)均呈负相关关系,与种类丰富度指数(D)则无相关关系。春、秋季鱼类群落长度谱曲线斜率均小于-0.2,而截距均大于10,与该海域1985年及2000年的研究结果相比,长度谱斜率显著降低、截距显著增加,这与小型个体种类占优势密切相关。与历史资料相比,黄海山东海域鱼类群落多样性下降,小型个体比例上升,资源呈衰退趋势。
Based on the double-trawl survey data of Shu-Shuangshuang aquifer in the Yellow Sea in Shandong Province in spring (May) and autumn (October) of 2006, the authors studied the diversity, spatial distribution and length spectrum characteristics of fish communities in this area. A total of 61 species of fish were captured, of which 27 species were perciformes, followed by 8 species and 7 species. According to the type of food they were divided into two groups: zooplankton, zooplankton, Benthic feeding habits, feeding habits of zoobenthos, feeding habitat of zoobenthos / swimming animals, feeding habit of swimming animals, omnivores, foraging habits, among which the feeding of zooplankton accounted for 82.5% of the weight of the catch. The fish communities in spring and autumn were mainly dominated by small species, and the dominant species in spring were Ammodytes personatus, Engraulis japonicus and Pholis fangi, and the dominant species in autumn were 5 Sardinella zunasi, jade fish, Larimichthys polyactis and Thryssa kammalensis, respectively. The spatial heterogeneity of richness index (D), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H ’) and evenness index (J’) were obvious, indicating that the coastal areas (especially the southern coastal areas of Qingdao and Rushan) , And the deep-water area is lower, but there is no significant difference between the seasons in the diversity index. The amount of resources had negative correlation with Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H ’), evenness index (J’) and functional diversity index (FD), but no correlation with species richness index (D). The slopes of the length spectrum of fish communities in spring and autumn were all less than -0.2, and the intercepts were all greater than 10. Compared with the results of 1985 and 2000 in this area, the slopes of the length spectrum decreased significantly and the intercept increased significantly, The predominance of individual species is closely related. Compared with historical data, the diversity of fish communities in the Yellow Sea and Shandong waters decreased, the proportion of small individuals increased, and the resources showed a declining trend.