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采用呼吸生理和血液生理的方法,探讨了性成熟青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)对盐度、碳酸盐碱度的适应性以及青海湖裸鲤在盐碱胁迫下的渗透调节和离子调节规律。将裸鲤从淡水突变到盐水(盐度14.01±0.01)、碱水(碳酸盐碱度33.03±0.01mmol·L-1)和青海湖水(盐度12.12±0.02、碳酸盐碱度29.07±0.09mmol·L-1)中,测定了在不同水质胁迫下裸鲤耗氧率、血浆渗透压和离子浓度的变化。结果表明:与淡水对照组比较,呼吸耗氧率除了盐度组在3h有显著性升高(P<0.05),其他实验组96h内均未出现显著性变化(P>0.05);裸鲤的窒息点为0.14～0.17mg·L-1,各实验组窒息点均没有显著性差异(P>0.05);碱度组血浆的渗透浓度和Na+、Cl-、Ca2+离子浓度在96h内未出现变化(P>0.05),盐度组和青海湖水组在所测时间段有显著的升高(P<0.05),并且随着胁迫时间的延长,在72h达到峰值。各实验组血浆K+浓度变化没有血浆Na+、Cl-明显,K+浓度有增高的趋势,且都在72h达到了峰值。青海湖裸鲤具有较强的盐碱耐受性,能通过渗透调节和离子调控适应高盐碱环境,而消耗能量较少。
The respiration physiological and blood physiological methods were used to investigate the adaptability of gymnocypris przewalskii to salinity and carbonate alkalinity and to the osmotic and ion regulation rules of naked carp in Qinghai Lake under saline-alkali stress . The common carp changed from fresh water to salinity (salinity 14.01 ± 0.01), alkaline water (carbonate basicity 33.03 ± 0.01 mmol·L-1) and Qinghai Lake water (salinity 12.12 ± 0.02, carbonate alkalinity 29.07 ± 0.09mmol·L-1), the changes of oxygen consumption, plasma osmotic pressure and ion concentration of naked carp under different water stress were measured. The results showed that compared with the freshwater control group, the respiratory oxygen consumption rate increased significantly at 3h (P <0.05) except for salinity group, and no significant change was observed in other experimental groups (P> 0.05) The asphyxia point was 0.14 ~ 0.17mg · L-1, and there was no significant difference in the asphyxia point in each experimental group (P> 0.05). The plasma osmolyte concentration and Na +, Cl- and Ca2 + ion concentrations did not change in 96h (P> 0.05). The salinity group and Qinghai Lake water group increased significantly at the measured time (P <0.05), and reached the peak at 72h with the extension of stress time. There was no change of plasma K + concentration in plasma in all the experimental groups, but there was no obvious increase of plasma Na +, Cl-, and K + concentration, and reached the peak at 72h. Qinghai Lake naked carp has a strong salt tolerance, through osmotic adjustment and ion regulation to adapt to high-salinity alkaline environment, while consuming less energy.