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1. 用how soon或how long填空。
①“____ will George come back from Australia?” “In four days.”
②“____ have Henry and Emma been in China?” “For about two years.”
③“____ will your father leave for London?” “In a week, I think.”
④“____ did it take you to make the model ship, Jenny?” “Three days.”
[Key:①How soon ②How long ③How soon ④How long]
【辨析】(1)how long是“多久(时间),多长时间”的意思,用来询问某一动作或状态进行或持续了多长时间。例如:
——How long did it take you to finish the work? 完成这项工作你花了多长时间?
——About two months. 大约两个月。
(2)how soon是“过多久”的意思,用于含将来时态谓语动词的疑问句中,答语通常是“in+ 一段时间”。例如:
——How soon can you get here? 还有多长时间你能到这儿?
——In five minutes. 过五分钟。
2. 用get back (to), go back (to)或be back (to)填空。
①The children didn’t play until their mother ____ home.
②How long ____ the students ____ school?
③My parents ____ my hometown yesterday. They ____ in a week.
④Last night they ____ the company so late that they found nobody in the office.
[Key:①got back ②have; been back to ③went back to; will be back ④got back to]
【辨析】⑴get back to和go back to都表示“回到”这一意思,get back to不仅表示“回”,而且还表示已经到达要回到的目的地,而go back to仅表示在回某个目的地的路上。例如:
Let’s go back to the country. 我们回到乡下去吧。(还没到乡下)
They got back to the country. 他们已回到了乡下。(已到乡下)
⑵be back to侧重状态,可与表示一段时间的状语连用,而get back to与go back to则不可与这样的状语连用。例如:
Michael was back to London yesterday. 昨天迈克回到了伦敦。
Danny has gone to America. He will be back in a month.
丹尼去了美国。他一个月后就回来。
3. 用be famous for或be famous as填空。
①Charlie Chaplin ____ his silent films.
②Charlie Chaplin ____ one of the greatest and funniest actors.
③The town ____ its hot springs.
④The town ____ a hot-spring resort.
[Key:①was famous for ②was famous as ③is famous for ④is famous as]
【辨析】⑴形容词famous意为“出名的”、“著名的”,可在句中作定语和表语。例如:
You’ll be famous in the world. 你会闻名世界的。
She is a famous actress. 她是一个著名的演员。
⑵be famous for意为“因……而闻名”,for 后面的宾语通常是主语本身所固有的东西; be famous as意为“作为……而著称”,as 后面的宾语通常与主语是同一类人或物。例如:
Plants grow well all the year round and the parks and gardens are famous for their flowers. 一年四季植物生长良好,这里的公园和花园都以其花卉而闻名。
Lu Xun was famous as a great writer. 鲁迅是闻名于世的伟大作家。
试比较下面两句:
The area is famous for its green tea. 这个地区以盛产绿茶而出名。
The area is famous as a green tea producing place. 这个地区是出了名的绿茶产地。
4. 用think, think of, think about或think over填空。
①What do you ____ such an idea?
②This made me ____ our days in the college.
③We’ll ____ your suggestion and give you our answer tomorrow.
④We don’t ____ it too difficult to master a foreign language.
⑤I’d like to ____ the matter ____.
⑥She is a good worker. She is always ____ others.
⑦He ____ it ____ and remembered that he had put his umbrella somewhere in the library.
⑧He told us to ____ in English.
[Key:①think of/about ②think of ③think over ④think ⑤think; over ⑥thinking of ⑦thought; over ⑧think]
【辨析】(1)think意为“想”、“认为”、“思考”,可以用作及物动词,后面跟宾语从句,它也可以用作不及物动词。例如:
Don’t you think so? 难道你不这样认为吗?
Let me think a while before answering your question. 让我先想一想,再回答你的问题。
(2)think of与think about表示“考虑”、“对……有某种看法”之意时,其用法相同,可以互换使用。介词of或about均不可出现在宾语之后。例如:
We are thinking of/about going to Shanghai for our holidays. 我们正在考虑去上海度假。
What do you think of the film? 你认为那部影片怎么样?
(3)think about可以表示“回想”之意,侧重于想的“过程”; think of可以表示“想起”、“记起”“想着”等意思。例如:
I often thought about what you said last time I saw you.
我常常回想起上次见到你时你所说的话。
I can’t think of his name. 我记不起他的名字了。
(4)think over意为“仔细考虑”。其中的over为副词。后眼名词作宾语时,可将名词置于over之前或之后,而用代词作宾语时,只能将其置于over之前。例如:
Please think over the meaning of every single word. 请仔细思考每个单词的意思。
My sister asked me a question yesterday. Now I’m thinking it over.
昨天我妹妹问了我一个问题,现在我正在仔细考虑这个问题。
5. 用rent, borrow, lend或use填空。
①Would you like to ____ your story-book to me?
②I ____ some money from him yesterday.
③This car ____ for $30 a day.
④“May I ____ your washroom?” “Sure. Go ahead.”
[Key:①lend ②borrowed ③rents ④use]
【辨析】⑴付费租用时用rent,常用词组rent…from向……租借; rent…to把……租给。例如:
Mr. Smith rents this flat to us. 史密斯先生把这个公寓租给我们了。
⑵borrow对主语是“借”入,常与from连用。例如:
I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday. 昨天我从学校图书馆借了一本书。
⑶lend对主语是“借”出,常与to连用。例如:
Please don’t lend the bike to others. 请不要把这辆自行车借给别人。
⑷use含有“借用”的意思,指免费借用电话,电脑等不能移动的东西,相当于borrow。例如:
May I use your telephone?我可以借用一下你的电话吗?
6. 用excite, exciting或excited填空。
①The news is so ____ that everybody can’t go to sleep.
②His ____ speech made us ____ a lot.
③Are you ____ about going to Beijing?
[Key:①exciting ②exciting; excited ③excited]
【辨析】⑴excite动词“使兴奋、使激动”。例如:
The news excited everybody. 消息鼓舞了每个人。
Don’t excite!别激动!
⑵exciting “令人兴奋的”,它是由动词excite的现在分词演变来的形容词,用于形容感情方面影响他人的人或事,主动含义,主语一般是物,在句中作表语或定语。例如:
It was an exciting hunt, but the fox escaped.
这真是一场扣人心弦的狩猎,可惜狐狸还是跑了。
The news is exciting. 这消息激动人心。
⑶excited 形容词“兴奋的、激动的、感到兴奋的”,多指人受到事物的影响,被动含义,主语一般是人,在句中作表语。常用词组:be excited about “对……感到激动”。如:
We are very excited to hear of your success. 听到你们的成功,我们非常兴奋。
7. 用arrive, reach或get to填空。
①Every time you ____ a new place, you will see much information about that place on your screen.
②When Tony ____, we were talking happily.
③That tree is too high, Xiao Li can’t ____ the pears on it.
[Key:①reach/arrive at/get to ②arrived ③reach]
【辨析】⑴arrive表示“到达某地时”,后面要接介词,到达的地方范围较大时多用in, 地方较小时多用at。例如:
We arrived in Paris in France. 我们到达法国巴黎。
We arrived at the station(my hometown, the bridge). 我们到达车站(我的家乡,那座桥)。
⑵reach表示“到达,抵达”,后面直接跟表示地点的词〈此时同arrive at/in〉。例如:
He reached London. 他到达了伦敦。
I reached my home town yesterday. 昨天我到达了我的故乡。
reach也可作“伸手去够,抓到”;“递”。例如:
I can’t reach the apple on the tall tree. 我不能够到那棵高树上的那只苹果。
The child reached out a hand towards the apple. 孩子伸手去够苹果。
Will you reach me the sugar? 能递给我一些糖吗?
⑶get to是口头用语,相当于arrive at/in, reach。例如:
What time shall we get to Shanghai? 我们什么时候到上海?
此三者在初中阶段,一般可通用。但如果没有宾语,最好用arrive。如:
He was watching TV when I arrived. 我到的时候他正在看电视。
注意:当arrive at/in, reach, get to 在现在完成时中,与since、 for、 how long并用时,必须改成be in/at。例如:
She has got to the supermarket for half an hour.〈F〉
She has been in the supermarket for half an hour. 〈T〉
8. 用spend, take或pay填空。
①It ____ him 20 minutes to go to work on foot.
②My brother ____ 200 yuan on the suit.
③She ____ half an hour reading the letter.
④The woman took out some money and ____ for the dress.
[Key:①takes ②spent ③spent ④paid]
【辨析】⑴spend的主语为人。意思是“花费(金钱、时间等)”常见句型为:“sb.+spend+some money/time+on sth.” “sb.+spend+some money/time+(in) doing sth.”。例如:
He doesn’t spend much time on his homework. 他花在作业上的时间不多。
I spend a lot of money on books. 我在书上花了好多钱。
I usually spend an hour (in) reading English every morning.
每天早上我通常花1小时时间读英语。
⑵spend还有“度过、消磨”的意思。例如:
Don’t spend too much time watching TV. 不要把太多的时间消磨在看电视上。
⑶take的主语通常为形式主语it。意思是“花费(时间、金钱)”。常见句型为:It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.或sb. take some time/money to do sth.某人花费一些时间(金钱)去干某事。例如:
It takes me five minutes to go to school by bus. 我上学乘公共汽车需要花费5分钟。
I took 10 years to learn English. 我花了10年的时间学英语。
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一所房子要花一大笔钱。
⑷pay的主语为人。意思是“给……报酬、付钱、支付、付出代价”。常见句型为:sb.+pay+(sb.)+some money+for sth.。例如:
He paid ￡5 for the book. 他买这本书花了五英镑。
I have paid much money for the computer. 我买这台电脑花了很多钱。
You will pay me 20 yuan for the skirt. 这件裙子你得付给我20元。
pay作名词意为“工资”。例如:
I get my pay at the end of the month. 我月底发工资。
9. 用how long或how far填空。
①____ is the river?
②____ is the school away from here?
③____ did it take you to finish your homework?
[Key:①How long ②How far ③How long]
【辨析】how long与how far都可用来引导特殊疑问句,但所提问的对象不同。
⑴how long用来对时间或物体的长度提问。例如:
How long does it take you to get from home to school by bus?
从你家到学校乘公共汽车要花多长时间?
How long is that bridge over there? 那边的那座桥有多长?
⑵how far用来对距离提问。例如:
How far is it from Beijing to Shanghai. 从北京到上海有多远?
10. 用in, by, with或through填空。
①May I write it ____ a pencil.
②Don’t write it ____ red ink.
③Some people learn a foreign language ____ TV.
[Key:①with ②in ③through/by]
【辨析】这四个介词都表示某人如何做某事。
⑴in表示①使用某种语言;②用某种方式;③用墨水、颜色、颜料等原料或材料,且名词前不加冠词。例如:
Can you sing the song in English? 你会用英语唱这首歌吗?
They talked in a low voice. 他们低声谈话。
You should write your homework in ink, not with a pencil.
你应该用钢笔做作业,而不能用铅笔。
⑵by表示用某种方式、方法或手段。例如:
This pair of shoes is made by hand. 这双鞋是手工做的。
I like traveling by plane. 我喜欢乘飞机旅行。
⑶with表示使用有形的工具、物品或器官去做某事,with后的名词,一般应加冠词或物主代词。例如:
He wrote to his pen pal with my pen. 他用我的钢笔给他笔友写信。
⑷through表示通过某一途径做某一件事情。例如:
He got the job through a friend. 他经朋友介绍找到了工作。
11. 用a small number of, a large number of或the number of填空。
①____ countries can send up(发射) spaceships(宇宙飞船) without people.
②____ the people in Zaozhuang is three million(百万).
③____ students were absent. (很多学生缺席)
[Key:①A small number of ②The number of ③A large number of]
【辨析】⑴a small number of意思是“少数”,修饰可数名词复数,谓语用复数。例如:
A small number of students are girls in our class. 在我们班女生人数少。
Only a small number of people know the news. 仅仅有少部分人知道这个消息。
⑵a large/great number of=numbers of是“若干、很多”的意思,相当于many,其后接复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
I have a large number of things to do today. 今天我有许多事要做。
He has numbers of books. 他有许多书。
⑶the number of是“……的数量(数目),号码”的意思,谓语动词用单数。例如:
The number of students in our school is never under 4000.
我们学校的学生人数从不少于4000人。
12. 用take/by/in(on)/ride+交通工具填空。
①He ____ a plane for Hong Kong.
②I got up late this morning. So I came ____ a taxi.
③I got up late this morning. So I ____ a taxi to school.
④My father usually goes to work ____ his car.
⑤He often goes to school ____ his bike.=He often ____ a bike to go to school.
⑥He often goes to school ____ bike.
[Key:①took ②in ③took ④in ⑤on; rides ⑥by]
【辨析】⑴take 乘(车、船等),强调具体的动作或某一班次、某一路车等,结构为“take+限定词+交通工具”。如:take the subway乘地铁; take the No. 3 bus乘三路公交车; take a train乘火车。
⑵by+交通工具,泛指某种交通方式,交通工具前不加限定词(如:the/a/his等)。主要有: by bus/car/train/bike/sea/ship/boat/land/air/plane等。例如:
I usually go to school by bus. 我通常乘公交车上学。
⑶in(on)+限定词+交通工具,表示具体的交通方式,作状语。限定词主要有:冠词a/an/the,指示代词this/that和物主代词my/your/his/her等,一般来说无厢、无舱的只用on。如:on the bike, 其他的既可用in, 也可用on。如:on(in) the plane, 但in the car只能用in不能用on。还有一个特例,步行用on foot。
⑷ride+交通工具+to+地点,表示“骑/乘……去……”,(此句型常用于自行车、摩托车、马等),若交通工具为bus, taxi, train时则用take,不用ride。例如:
Tom rode a motorbike to the cinema. 汤姆骑摩托车去了电影院。
13. 用ill或sick填空。
①She was ____ last week.
②I’m ____ of your complaints.
③He began to feel ____ as soon as the ship started to move.
[Key:①ill(sick) ②sick ③sick]
【辨析】⑴二者都是形容词“生病的”,但ill作“生病的”解时只作表语,不作定语。ill作定语时,意为“坏的、丑的、恶的”,比较级,最高级为worse, worst。例如:
She can’t go to school because she is ill. 她不能上学了,因为她病了。
He was so ill that he could not walk. 他病得都不能行走。
⑵sick作“生病的”解时,既可作表语,也可作定语,sick作表语时还表示“恶心的、要引起呕吐的”的意思。be sick of表示“对……感到厌倦(腻烦)”。例如:
When she got up, she felt a little sick and took some medicine.
她起来时感到有点不舒服,于是吃了些药。
Please take good care of the sick boy. 请照顾好这个生病的男孩。
①“____ will George come back from Australia?” “In four days.”
②“____ have Henry and Emma been in China?” “For about two years.”
③“____ will your father leave for London?” “In a week, I think.”
④“____ did it take you to make the model ship, Jenny?” “Three days.”
[Key:①How soon ②How long ③How soon ④How long]
【辨析】(1)how long是“多久(时间),多长时间”的意思,用来询问某一动作或状态进行或持续了多长时间。例如:
——How long did it take you to finish the work? 完成这项工作你花了多长时间?
——About two months. 大约两个月。
(2)how soon是“过多久”的意思,用于含将来时态谓语动词的疑问句中,答语通常是“in+ 一段时间”。例如:
——How soon can you get here? 还有多长时间你能到这儿?
——In five minutes. 过五分钟。
2. 用get back (to), go back (to)或be back (to)填空。
①The children didn’t play until their mother ____ home.
②How long ____ the students ____ school?
③My parents ____ my hometown yesterday. They ____ in a week.
④Last night they ____ the company so late that they found nobody in the office.
[Key:①got back ②have; been back to ③went back to; will be back ④got back to]
【辨析】⑴get back to和go back to都表示“回到”这一意思,get back to不仅表示“回”,而且还表示已经到达要回到的目的地,而go back to仅表示在回某个目的地的路上。例如:
Let’s go back to the country. 我们回到乡下去吧。(还没到乡下)
They got back to the country. 他们已回到了乡下。(已到乡下)
⑵be back to侧重状态,可与表示一段时间的状语连用,而get back to与go back to则不可与这样的状语连用。例如:
Michael was back to London yesterday. 昨天迈克回到了伦敦。
Danny has gone to America. He will be back in a month.
丹尼去了美国。他一个月后就回来。
3. 用be famous for或be famous as填空。
①Charlie Chaplin ____ his silent films.
②Charlie Chaplin ____ one of the greatest and funniest actors.
③The town ____ its hot springs.
④The town ____ a hot-spring resort.
[Key:①was famous for ②was famous as ③is famous for ④is famous as]
【辨析】⑴形容词famous意为“出名的”、“著名的”,可在句中作定语和表语。例如:
You’ll be famous in the world. 你会闻名世界的。
She is a famous actress. 她是一个著名的演员。
⑵be famous for意为“因……而闻名”,for 后面的宾语通常是主语本身所固有的东西; be famous as意为“作为……而著称”,as 后面的宾语通常与主语是同一类人或物。例如:
Plants grow well all the year round and the parks and gardens are famous for their flowers. 一年四季植物生长良好,这里的公园和花园都以其花卉而闻名。
Lu Xun was famous as a great writer. 鲁迅是闻名于世的伟大作家。
试比较下面两句:
The area is famous for its green tea. 这个地区以盛产绿茶而出名。
The area is famous as a green tea producing place. 这个地区是出了名的绿茶产地。
4. 用think, think of, think about或think over填空。
①What do you ____ such an idea?
②This made me ____ our days in the college.
③We’ll ____ your suggestion and give you our answer tomorrow.
④We don’t ____ it too difficult to master a foreign language.
⑤I’d like to ____ the matter ____.
⑥She is a good worker. She is always ____ others.
⑦He ____ it ____ and remembered that he had put his umbrella somewhere in the library.
⑧He told us to ____ in English.
[Key:①think of/about ②think of ③think over ④think ⑤think; over ⑥thinking of ⑦thought; over ⑧think]
【辨析】(1)think意为“想”、“认为”、“思考”,可以用作及物动词,后面跟宾语从句,它也可以用作不及物动词。例如:
Don’t you think so? 难道你不这样认为吗?
Let me think a while before answering your question. 让我先想一想,再回答你的问题。
(2)think of与think about表示“考虑”、“对……有某种看法”之意时,其用法相同,可以互换使用。介词of或about均不可出现在宾语之后。例如:
We are thinking of/about going to Shanghai for our holidays. 我们正在考虑去上海度假。
What do you think of the film? 你认为那部影片怎么样?
(3)think about可以表示“回想”之意,侧重于想的“过程”; think of可以表示“想起”、“记起”“想着”等意思。例如:
I often thought about what you said last time I saw you.
我常常回想起上次见到你时你所说的话。
I can’t think of his name. 我记不起他的名字了。
(4)think over意为“仔细考虑”。其中的over为副词。后眼名词作宾语时,可将名词置于over之前或之后,而用代词作宾语时,只能将其置于over之前。例如:
Please think over the meaning of every single word. 请仔细思考每个单词的意思。
My sister asked me a question yesterday. Now I’m thinking it over.
昨天我妹妹问了我一个问题,现在我正在仔细考虑这个问题。
5. 用rent, borrow, lend或use填空。
①Would you like to ____ your story-book to me?
②I ____ some money from him yesterday.
③This car ____ for $30 a day.
④“May I ____ your washroom?” “Sure. Go ahead.”
[Key:①lend ②borrowed ③rents ④use]
【辨析】⑴付费租用时用rent,常用词组rent…from向……租借; rent…to把……租给。例如:
Mr. Smith rents this flat to us. 史密斯先生把这个公寓租给我们了。
⑵borrow对主语是“借”入,常与from连用。例如:
I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday. 昨天我从学校图书馆借了一本书。
⑶lend对主语是“借”出,常与to连用。例如:
Please don’t lend the bike to others. 请不要把这辆自行车借给别人。
⑷use含有“借用”的意思,指免费借用电话,电脑等不能移动的东西,相当于borrow。例如:
May I use your telephone?我可以借用一下你的电话吗?
6. 用excite, exciting或excited填空。
①The news is so ____ that everybody can’t go to sleep.
②His ____ speech made us ____ a lot.
③Are you ____ about going to Beijing?
[Key:①exciting ②exciting; excited ③excited]
【辨析】⑴excite动词“使兴奋、使激动”。例如:
The news excited everybody. 消息鼓舞了每个人。
Don’t excite!别激动!
⑵exciting “令人兴奋的”,它是由动词excite的现在分词演变来的形容词,用于形容感情方面影响他人的人或事,主动含义,主语一般是物,在句中作表语或定语。例如:
It was an exciting hunt, but the fox escaped.
这真是一场扣人心弦的狩猎,可惜狐狸还是跑了。
The news is exciting. 这消息激动人心。
⑶excited 形容词“兴奋的、激动的、感到兴奋的”,多指人受到事物的影响,被动含义,主语一般是人,在句中作表语。常用词组:be excited about “对……感到激动”。如:
We are very excited to hear of your success. 听到你们的成功,我们非常兴奋。
7. 用arrive, reach或get to填空。
①Every time you ____ a new place, you will see much information about that place on your screen.
②When Tony ____, we were talking happily.
③That tree is too high, Xiao Li can’t ____ the pears on it.
[Key:①reach/arrive at/get to ②arrived ③reach]
【辨析】⑴arrive表示“到达某地时”,后面要接介词,到达的地方范围较大时多用in, 地方较小时多用at。例如:
We arrived in Paris in France. 我们到达法国巴黎。
We arrived at the station(my hometown, the bridge). 我们到达车站(我的家乡,那座桥)。
⑵reach表示“到达,抵达”,后面直接跟表示地点的词〈此时同arrive at/in〉。例如:
He reached London. 他到达了伦敦。
I reached my home town yesterday. 昨天我到达了我的故乡。
reach也可作“伸手去够,抓到”;“递”。例如:
I can’t reach the apple on the tall tree. 我不能够到那棵高树上的那只苹果。
The child reached out a hand towards the apple. 孩子伸手去够苹果。
Will you reach me the sugar? 能递给我一些糖吗?
⑶get to是口头用语,相当于arrive at/in, reach。例如:
What time shall we get to Shanghai? 我们什么时候到上海?
此三者在初中阶段,一般可通用。但如果没有宾语,最好用arrive。如:
He was watching TV when I arrived. 我到的时候他正在看电视。
注意:当arrive at/in, reach, get to 在现在完成时中,与since、 for、 how long并用时,必须改成be in/at。例如:
She has got to the supermarket for half an hour.〈F〉
She has been in the supermarket for half an hour. 〈T〉
8. 用spend, take或pay填空。
①It ____ him 20 minutes to go to work on foot.
②My brother ____ 200 yuan on the suit.
③She ____ half an hour reading the letter.
④The woman took out some money and ____ for the dress.
[Key:①takes ②spent ③spent ④paid]
【辨析】⑴spend的主语为人。意思是“花费(金钱、时间等)”常见句型为:“sb.+spend+some money/time+on sth.” “sb.+spend+some money/time+(in) doing sth.”。例如:
He doesn’t spend much time on his homework. 他花在作业上的时间不多。
I spend a lot of money on books. 我在书上花了好多钱。
I usually spend an hour (in) reading English every morning.
每天早上我通常花1小时时间读英语。
⑵spend还有“度过、消磨”的意思。例如:
Don’t spend too much time watching TV. 不要把太多的时间消磨在看电视上。
⑶take的主语通常为形式主语it。意思是“花费(时间、金钱)”。常见句型为:It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.或sb. take some time/money to do sth.某人花费一些时间(金钱)去干某事。例如:
It takes me five minutes to go to school by bus. 我上学乘公共汽车需要花费5分钟。
I took 10 years to learn English. 我花了10年的时间学英语。
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一所房子要花一大笔钱。
⑷pay的主语为人。意思是“给……报酬、付钱、支付、付出代价”。常见句型为:sb.+pay+(sb.)+some money+for sth.。例如:
He paid ￡5 for the book. 他买这本书花了五英镑。
I have paid much money for the computer. 我买这台电脑花了很多钱。
You will pay me 20 yuan for the skirt. 这件裙子你得付给我20元。
pay作名词意为“工资”。例如:
I get my pay at the end of the month. 我月底发工资。
9. 用how long或how far填空。
①____ is the river?
②____ is the school away from here?
③____ did it take you to finish your homework?
[Key:①How long ②How far ③How long]
【辨析】how long与how far都可用来引导特殊疑问句,但所提问的对象不同。
⑴how long用来对时间或物体的长度提问。例如:
How long does it take you to get from home to school by bus?
从你家到学校乘公共汽车要花多长时间?
How long is that bridge over there? 那边的那座桥有多长?
⑵how far用来对距离提问。例如:
How far is it from Beijing to Shanghai. 从北京到上海有多远?
10. 用in, by, with或through填空。
①May I write it ____ a pencil.
②Don’t write it ____ red ink.
③Some people learn a foreign language ____ TV.
[Key:①with ②in ③through/by]
【辨析】这四个介词都表示某人如何做某事。
⑴in表示①使用某种语言;②用某种方式;③用墨水、颜色、颜料等原料或材料,且名词前不加冠词。例如:
Can you sing the song in English? 你会用英语唱这首歌吗?
They talked in a low voice. 他们低声谈话。
You should write your homework in ink, not with a pencil.
你应该用钢笔做作业,而不能用铅笔。
⑵by表示用某种方式、方法或手段。例如:
This pair of shoes is made by hand. 这双鞋是手工做的。
I like traveling by plane. 我喜欢乘飞机旅行。
⑶with表示使用有形的工具、物品或器官去做某事,with后的名词,一般应加冠词或物主代词。例如:
He wrote to his pen pal with my pen. 他用我的钢笔给他笔友写信。
⑷through表示通过某一途径做某一件事情。例如:
He got the job through a friend. 他经朋友介绍找到了工作。
11. 用a small number of, a large number of或the number of填空。
①____ countries can send up(发射) spaceships(宇宙飞船) without people.
②____ the people in Zaozhuang is three million(百万).
③____ students were absent. (很多学生缺席)
[Key:①A small number of ②The number of ③A large number of]
【辨析】⑴a small number of意思是“少数”,修饰可数名词复数,谓语用复数。例如:
A small number of students are girls in our class. 在我们班女生人数少。
Only a small number of people know the news. 仅仅有少部分人知道这个消息。
⑵a large/great number of=numbers of是“若干、很多”的意思,相当于many,其后接复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
I have a large number of things to do today. 今天我有许多事要做。
He has numbers of books. 他有许多书。
⑶the number of是“……的数量(数目),号码”的意思,谓语动词用单数。例如:
The number of students in our school is never under 4000.
我们学校的学生人数从不少于4000人。
12. 用take/by/in(on)/ride+交通工具填空。
①He ____ a plane for Hong Kong.
②I got up late this morning. So I came ____ a taxi.
③I got up late this morning. So I ____ a taxi to school.
④My father usually goes to work ____ his car.
⑤He often goes to school ____ his bike.=He often ____ a bike to go to school.
⑥He often goes to school ____ bike.
[Key:①took ②in ③took ④in ⑤on; rides ⑥by]
【辨析】⑴take 乘(车、船等),强调具体的动作或某一班次、某一路车等,结构为“take+限定词+交通工具”。如:take the subway乘地铁; take the No. 3 bus乘三路公交车; take a train乘火车。
⑵by+交通工具,泛指某种交通方式,交通工具前不加限定词(如:the/a/his等)。主要有: by bus/car/train/bike/sea/ship/boat/land/air/plane等。例如:
I usually go to school by bus. 我通常乘公交车上学。
⑶in(on)+限定词+交通工具,表示具体的交通方式,作状语。限定词主要有:冠词a/an/the,指示代词this/that和物主代词my/your/his/her等,一般来说无厢、无舱的只用on。如:on the bike, 其他的既可用in, 也可用on。如:on(in) the plane, 但in the car只能用in不能用on。还有一个特例,步行用on foot。
⑷ride+交通工具+to+地点,表示“骑/乘……去……”,(此句型常用于自行车、摩托车、马等),若交通工具为bus, taxi, train时则用take,不用ride。例如:
Tom rode a motorbike to the cinema. 汤姆骑摩托车去了电影院。
13. 用ill或sick填空。
①She was ____ last week.
②I’m ____ of your complaints.
③He began to feel ____ as soon as the ship started to move.
[Key:①ill(sick) ②sick ③sick]
【辨析】⑴二者都是形容词“生病的”,但ill作“生病的”解时只作表语,不作定语。ill作定语时,意为“坏的、丑的、恶的”,比较级,最高级为worse, worst。例如:
She can’t go to school because she is ill. 她不能上学了,因为她病了。
He was so ill that he could not walk. 他病得都不能行走。
⑵sick作“生病的”解时,既可作表语,也可作定语,sick作表语时还表示“恶心的、要引起呕吐的”的意思。be sick of表示“对……感到厌倦(腻烦)”。例如:
When she got up, she felt a little sick and took some medicine.
她起来时感到有点不舒服,于是吃了些药。
Please take good care of the sick boy. 请照顾好这个生病的男孩。