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心脏传导系统超微结构的研究已有30多年的历史。早期研究者对动物的传导系统细胞器进行了较为系统地观察和描述,并对其功能的探索,亦做了比较细致的工作。1966年James等人首先利用电镜技术对人类的窦房结(SA结)进行了研究,详细地描述了人类SA结超微结构形态学与功能的联系,提出了在正常情况下SA结内存在着胶原纤维。如果胶原纤维过度增生,可引起心律失常。近10年来,由于研究方法不断地进展,荧光标记法、酶标法,免疫电镜、放射自显影、扫描电镜、冰冻蚀刻和冰冻断裂等技术应用到传导系统超微结构的研究之中,使得人们不但对传导系统细胞正常超微结构和功能有了深入的了解,而且推动了超微结构与临床的结合。现将国内外有关心脏传导系统超微结构的研究资料综述如下。
The ultrastructure of cardiac conduction system has been more than 30 years old. Early researchers conducted a systematic observation and description of the organelles of the animal’s conduction system and explored their functions, and also made more detailed work. In 1966, James et al. First used electron microscopy to study the human SA node (SA junction), and described in detail the relationship between ultrastructure and ultrastructure of human SA junctions. It was proposed that in normal conditions SA nodes exist With collagen fibers. If collagen fibers hyperplasia, can cause arrhythmia. In recent ten years, due to the continuous development of research methods, fluorescence labeling, enzyme labeling, immunoelectron microscopy, autoradiography, scanning electron microscopy, freeze-etching and freeze-fracture techniques are applied to the study of the ultrastructure of conduction system, Not only the conduction system of normal cell ultrastructure and function of a deep understanding, but also promote the combination of ultrastructure and clinical. At home and abroad are now on the cardiac conduction system ultrastructure research data are summarized below.