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定语从句是中学英语教学的重点，也是学生学习的难点，同时又是高考考查的热点。本文针对近年各地高考单项填空试题，对定语从句的考点归纳分析如下：
一、关系词的选择
在定语从句中，我们要克服思维定势，并不是表示地点的先行词就选where, 表示时间的就选when来引导。关系词的选择关键在于分析先行词在从句中所作的成分。如果先行词能直接代入从句中作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语应选用关系代词；先行词不能直接代入从句中作从句的成分应选用介词加关系代词，若作从句的状语应选用关系副词。例如：
1. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually. （2010福建）
A. that B. where
C. which D. whose
解析：句意“史蒂芬霍金认为地球不可能是生命逐渐繁衍的唯一行星。”，先行词planet虽然被the only修饰，有不少同学一眼就选择了A项，但没有注意到先行词在从句中作状语，因此正确选项为B。
2. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ we may return in the near future.（2010上海）
A. on which B. by which
C. to which D. from which
解析：句意“风力是一种古老的能源形式，在不久的将来我们有可能回到风力能源上来。”，先行词an ancient source of energy，在从句中不能直接作成分，根据句意，应选介词to。因此正确选项为C。
二、关系代词that与 which的选择（注意用 that而不用 which的情况）
1. I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else’s fault. (2010全国II )
A. who B. that
C. as D. what
解析：句意“我拒绝接受因别人的过错而受的批评。”，先行词为something在从句中作主语，指物，因此正确选项为B。
三、限定性和非限定性定语从句（that不能引导非限定性定语从句）
1. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ______ is named after his grandfather.(2010全国I)
A. which B. where
C. what D. that
解析：句意“小时候， 杰克在一个以祖父命名的乡村学校学习。”，先行词a village school虽然表示地点，但它在从句中不作状语而是作从句的主语，应选用关系代词A或D，由于是一个非限定性定语从句，所以正确选项为A。
四、as与which引导非限定性定语从句的区别
as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，均可指代整个句子内容，as引导非限制性定语从句，可以置于主句前，主句后，有时还可插在句中。which引导非限制定语从句，除了指代整个句子外，还可指单个词，不能放在句首。as引导定语从句，有“正如，就像”之意，常用在as is known to sb., as has been expected, as is often the case, as anybody can see, as has been said before等表达中。 例如：
1. I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, ______ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. （2009天津）
A. as B. which
C. when D. though
解析：句意“我每天坐地铁到滨海新区，就像许多住在天津商业区的商人一样。”句意有正如、就像之意，因此正确选项为A。
五、正确区分定语从句、并列句、名词性从句和强调结构
1. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ________ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. （2010北京）
A. what B. that
C. why D. whether
解析：句意“狄更斯更喜欢他自己的小说《大卫科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说是以他本人的经历为原型的。”,考点: 本题考查表语从句,不是定语从句。从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导，正确选项为B。
2. — Where did you get to know her?
— It was on the farm ________ we worked. (2010 山东)
A. that B. there
C. which D. where
解析：句意“——你在哪里认识她的？ ——是在我们工作的农场里。”,根据语境此处应该是一个定语从句而不是强调结构，因此正确选项为D。
六、定语从句的特殊形式
1. 定语从句的分隔现象
在英语学习中常常遇到定语从句不是直接位于先行词之后，而是被插入语、介词短语、副词或副词短语、谓语动词、非谓语动词等隔开。例如：
I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _______ I met in the English speech contest last year.（2010湖南）
A. who B. where
C. when D. which
解析：句意“去年在英语演讲比赛上我和我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。”, 此定语从句是一个分隔性定语从句，先行词是the students 作I met的宾语，因此正确选项为A。
2. 关系代词作从句主语时的主谓一致
My friend, who ______on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.(2006浙江)
A. served B. is serving
C. had served D. has served
解析：句意“我的朋友在奥委会工作了一生，下个月即将退休了。”关系代词who先行词My friend作从句的主语，从句谓语动词应该用单数形式，再根据语境正确选项为D。
3. 关系代词作宾语时的省略
作宾语的关系代词可以省略，但介词提前时或在非限定性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词时不能省略。例如：
The house I grew up _______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.（2009江西）
A. in it B. in
C. in that D. in which
解析：句意“我年幼时生活的房子现已被推倒建成了办公楼。”，先行词The house在从句I grew up ____中作状语，但是缺少了介词in应把介词补上，介词不提前时，作宾语的关系代词that或which (位于house之后) 省略掉了，关系词放从句前必须带介词，故不能选D，正确选项为B。
4. 找准先行词
先行词本身为名词或代词，不能是介词短语，先行词不能省略。例如：
— Is this Science Museum ______ we visited during a trip to Europe?
—Yes. It attracts many tourists to be here every day. （2008江苏）
A. which B. the one
C. where D. what
解析：本题具有很大的迷惑性。有些考生容易误将句子主语“this Science Museum”看作表地点的先行词，而误选C。也有考生可能会在分析句子成分后，误认为visited缺宾语而误选A。我们可以将题干中的问句变为肯定形式“This Science Museum is _____ we visited...”,分析后发现，主句缺少表语(即先行词)，同时省略了关系代词that，正确答案为B。
5. 定语从句中的倒装现象
在定语从句中有时会出现完全倒装语序，以便使句子更加生动、形象、流畅、自然。这种语序常出现以where或 介词 + which所引导的定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。 例如：
Yesterday I went to a town, ______ stands a huge monument.
A. where B. that
C. which D. there
解析：句意“昨天我去了一个城镇，那里矗立着一个大纪念碑。” 先行词a town在从句中作状语，只不过是从句中运用了一个完全倒装结构。因此正确选项为A。
练习：
1. — The authors of computer viruses are geniuses.
— I agree. They can apply their wisdom to other net technology from ______ human beings can benefit.
A. that B. which
C. what D. where
2. He wrote a lot of novels. None of ______ was translated into a foreign language.
A. them B. where
C. that D. which
3. Our teacher urges us to form a good habit of learning, ______ we think, will benefit us in the long term.
A. what B. that
C. which D. who
4. An earthquake happened in Haiti on Jan.12, 2010, ______ many countries in the world paid close attention to.
A. where B. when
C. which D. what
5. Guangxi is rich in tourism resources including many famous natural scenic spots,______ Guilin Scenery is an example.
A. of which B. to which
C. for which D. in which
6.______ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When
C. What D. As
7. We are living in a period ______ many things are done easily.
A. which B. that
C. whose D. when
8. It was in the room ______ he had studied for three years ______ he found his lost pen.
A. where, that B. that, that
C. that, when D. where, when
9. This is the biggest laboratory ______ we have ever built in our school.
A. which B. what
C. where D. /
10. I shall never forget the day ______ Shenzhou 5 was launched, ______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when, which B. that, which
C. which, that D. when, that
11. The person is a kind man ______ company my father works.
A. that B. whose
C. which D. in whose
12. I, who ______ your friend, will help you.
A. are B. am
C. is D. be
Keys：1—5BACCA 6—10DDADA 11—12DB
一、关系词的选择
在定语从句中，我们要克服思维定势，并不是表示地点的先行词就选where, 表示时间的就选when来引导。关系词的选择关键在于分析先行词在从句中所作的成分。如果先行词能直接代入从句中作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语应选用关系代词；先行词不能直接代入从句中作从句的成分应选用介词加关系代词，若作从句的状语应选用关系副词。例如：
1. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually. （2010福建）
A. that B. where
C. which D. whose
解析：句意“史蒂芬霍金认为地球不可能是生命逐渐繁衍的唯一行星。”，先行词planet虽然被the only修饰，有不少同学一眼就选择了A项，但没有注意到先行词在从句中作状语，因此正确选项为B。
2. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ we may return in the near future.（2010上海）
A. on which B. by which
C. to which D. from which
解析：句意“风力是一种古老的能源形式，在不久的将来我们有可能回到风力能源上来。”，先行词an ancient source of energy，在从句中不能直接作成分，根据句意，应选介词to。因此正确选项为C。
二、关系代词that与 which的选择（注意用 that而不用 which的情况）
1. I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else’s fault. (2010全国II )
A. who B. that
C. as D. what
解析：句意“我拒绝接受因别人的过错而受的批评。”，先行词为something在从句中作主语，指物，因此正确选项为B。
三、限定性和非限定性定语从句（that不能引导非限定性定语从句）
1. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ______ is named after his grandfather.(2010全国I)
A. which B. where
C. what D. that
解析：句意“小时候， 杰克在一个以祖父命名的乡村学校学习。”，先行词a village school虽然表示地点，但它在从句中不作状语而是作从句的主语，应选用关系代词A或D，由于是一个非限定性定语从句，所以正确选项为A。
四、as与which引导非限定性定语从句的区别
as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，均可指代整个句子内容，as引导非限制性定语从句，可以置于主句前，主句后，有时还可插在句中。which引导非限制定语从句，除了指代整个句子外，还可指单个词，不能放在句首。as引导定语从句，有“正如，就像”之意，常用在as is known to sb., as has been expected, as is often the case, as anybody can see, as has been said before等表达中。 例如：
1. I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, ______ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. （2009天津）
A. as B. which
C. when D. though
解析：句意“我每天坐地铁到滨海新区，就像许多住在天津商业区的商人一样。”句意有正如、就像之意，因此正确选项为A。
五、正确区分定语从句、并列句、名词性从句和强调结构
1. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ________ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. （2010北京）
A. what B. that
C. why D. whether
解析：句意“狄更斯更喜欢他自己的小说《大卫科波菲尔》的部分原因是小说是以他本人的经历为原型的。”,考点: 本题考查表语从句,不是定语从句。从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导，正确选项为B。
2. — Where did you get to know her?
— It was on the farm ________ we worked. (2010 山东)
A. that B. there
C. which D. where
解析：句意“——你在哪里认识她的？ ——是在我们工作的农场里。”,根据语境此处应该是一个定语从句而不是强调结构，因此正确选项为D。
六、定语从句的特殊形式
1. 定语从句的分隔现象
在英语学习中常常遇到定语从句不是直接位于先行词之后，而是被插入语、介词短语、副词或副词短语、谓语动词、非谓语动词等隔开。例如：
I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _______ I met in the English speech contest last year.（2010湖南）
A. who B. where
C. when D. which
解析：句意“去年在英语演讲比赛上我和我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。”, 此定语从句是一个分隔性定语从句，先行词是the students 作I met的宾语，因此正确选项为A。
2. 关系代词作从句主语时的主谓一致
My friend, who ______on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.(2006浙江)
A. served B. is serving
C. had served D. has served
解析：句意“我的朋友在奥委会工作了一生，下个月即将退休了。”关系代词who先行词My friend作从句的主语，从句谓语动词应该用单数形式，再根据语境正确选项为D。
3. 关系代词作宾语时的省略
作宾语的关系代词可以省略，但介词提前时或在非限定性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词时不能省略。例如：
The house I grew up _______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.（2009江西）
A. in it B. in
C. in that D. in which
解析：句意“我年幼时生活的房子现已被推倒建成了办公楼。”，先行词The house在从句I grew up ____中作状语，但是缺少了介词in应把介词补上，介词不提前时，作宾语的关系代词that或which (位于house之后) 省略掉了，关系词放从句前必须带介词，故不能选D，正确选项为B。
4. 找准先行词
先行词本身为名词或代词，不能是介词短语，先行词不能省略。例如：
— Is this Science Museum ______ we visited during a trip to Europe?
—Yes. It attracts many tourists to be here every day. （2008江苏）
A. which B. the one
C. where D. what
解析：本题具有很大的迷惑性。有些考生容易误将句子主语“this Science Museum”看作表地点的先行词，而误选C。也有考生可能会在分析句子成分后，误认为visited缺宾语而误选A。我们可以将题干中的问句变为肯定形式“This Science Museum is _____ we visited...”,分析后发现，主句缺少表语(即先行词)，同时省略了关系代词that，正确答案为B。
5. 定语从句中的倒装现象
在定语从句中有时会出现完全倒装语序，以便使句子更加生动、形象、流畅、自然。这种语序常出现以where或 介词 + which所引导的定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。 例如：
Yesterday I went to a town, ______ stands a huge monument.
A. where B. that
C. which D. there
解析：句意“昨天我去了一个城镇，那里矗立着一个大纪念碑。” 先行词a town在从句中作状语，只不过是从句中运用了一个完全倒装结构。因此正确选项为A。
练习：
1. — The authors of computer viruses are geniuses.
— I agree. They can apply their wisdom to other net technology from ______ human beings can benefit.
A. that B. which
C. what D. where
2. He wrote a lot of novels. None of ______ was translated into a foreign language.
A. them B. where
C. that D. which
3. Our teacher urges us to form a good habit of learning, ______ we think, will benefit us in the long term.
A. what B. that
C. which D. who
4. An earthquake happened in Haiti on Jan.12, 2010, ______ many countries in the world paid close attention to.
A. where B. when
C. which D. what
5. Guangxi is rich in tourism resources including many famous natural scenic spots,______ Guilin Scenery is an example.
A. of which B. to which
C. for which D. in which
6.______ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When
C. What D. As
7. We are living in a period ______ many things are done easily.
A. which B. that
C. whose D. when
8. It was in the room ______ he had studied for three years ______ he found his lost pen.
A. where, that B. that, that
C. that, when D. where, when
9. This is the biggest laboratory ______ we have ever built in our school.
A. which B. what
C. where D. /
10. I shall never forget the day ______ Shenzhou 5 was launched, ______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when, which B. that, which
C. which, that D. when, that
11. The person is a kind man ______ company my father works.
A. that B. whose
C. which D. in whose
12. I, who ______ your friend, will help you.
A. are B. am
C. is D. be
Keys：1—5BACCA 6—10DDADA 11—12DB