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目的:分析评价阿拉山口口岸乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(HepB)纳入儿童计划免疫管理以后所取得的效果。方法:于2006年11月对1-4岁流动儿童424名采取整群抽样方法进行计划免疫状况调查。结果:有31.14%的流动儿童未全程接受预防接种,主要与家长的文化水平、对计划免疫的认识及家长的工作等原因有关。2011年采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取717名1～4岁儿童,进行HepB接种率调查。结果:2011年调查1～4岁儿童的HepB首针及时接种率、全程接种率均比2006年有大幅度的提高,HepB首针及时接种率从2006年的60.37%提高到83.68%,全程接种率从68.86%提高到91.63%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论HepB纳入儿童计划免疫管理后已取得显著成效,今后在保持较高接种率的基础上,应广泛开展妇幼保健工作,大力提倡住院分娩率强化HepB接种工作。应加大宣传力度,强化对流动儿童扩大免疫规划的管理。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) on the immunization of children under the program of Alashankou Port. Methods: In November 2006, 424 children aged 1-4 years were enrolled in a cluster sampling method to investigate the planned immunization status. Results: 31.14% of floating children were not vaccinated in the whole process, mainly related to parents’ educational level, understanding of planned immunization and parental work. In 2011, 717 children aged 1 to 4 years were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling to investigate the HepB inoculation rate. Results: In 2011, the first vaccination of HepB in children aged 1 ~ 4 years was investigated. The vaccination rate of HepB was significantly higher than that of 2006, and the timely vaccination rate of HepB was increased from 60.37% in 2006 to 83.68% in 2006. The rate was increased from 68.86% to 91.63%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusion HepB has achieved remarkable results after it has been included in the immunization program for children. In the future, HepB should make extensive efforts in maternal and child health care based on maintaining a high vaccination rate, and vigorously promote hospital delivery rate to strengthen HepB vaccination. Publicity should be stepped up to strengthen the management of expanding immunization programs for migrant children.