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目的分析无锡市滨湖区5岁以下儿童死亡现状并探讨干预措施。方法收集2012-2016年滨湖区5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料,应用SPSS 19.0软件对5岁以下儿童的死亡趋势、死亡特征、死前医疗保健服务情况等进行回顾性分析。结果 2012-2016年滨湖区新生儿死亡率、婴儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童年平均死亡率分别为1.82‰、2.72‰和3.45‰,均呈波浪式下降趋势(χ2趋势=5.601、6.520、6.657,均P<0.05)。监测5岁以下儿童死亡病例108例,男童死亡率为4.19‰,高于女童死亡率的2.63‰。小年龄儿童死亡所占比例高。5岁以下儿童死因顺位的前五位依次为先天性心脏病、其他先天异常、出生窒息、早产或低出生体重和其他新生儿病,占全死因的63.89%(69/108)。第一季度(1-3月份)为儿童死亡的高峰期。结论针对不同年龄、不同季节儿童的死亡特点制定相应的防治措施,低年龄儿童和先天异常疾病是死亡干预的重点,健康宣教和多部门协作是干预的基本措施。
Objective To analyze the current situation of death in children under 5 years old in Binhu District of Wuxi City and to explore the intervention measures. Methods The death monitoring data of children under 5 years of age in Binhu District from 2012 to 2016 were collected. The mortality trends, the characteristics of death and the medical services before death were retrospectively analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software. Results The neonatal mortality rate, infant mortality rate and annual average mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in 2012 and 2016 were 1.82 ‰, 2.72 ‰ and 3.45 ‰, respectively. Both showed a declining wave pattern (χ2 trend = 5.601, 6.520, 6.657, all P <0.05). In 108 cases of deaths among children under the age of 5, the death rate for boys was 4.19 ‰, which was higher than 2.63 ‰ for girls. Small-age children have a high proportion of deaths. The top five causes of death among children under the age of 5 were congenital heart disease, other congenital anomalies, birth asphyxia, premature birth or low birth weight and other newborn diseases, accounting for 63.89% (69/108) of all causes of death. The first quarter (January-March) is the peak of child deaths. Conclusion According to the characteristics of death among children of different ages and seasons, corresponding prevention and control measures are formulated. Low-age children and congenital anomalies are the focus of death intervention. Health education and multisectoral cooperation are the basic measures for intervention.