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目的探究1985—2014年黑龙江省7~18岁中小学生呼吸功能的变化趋势,为体育教研工作提供依据。方法利用1985—2014年全国学生体质与健康调查数据,分为城男、城女、乡男、乡女4个类别对黑龙江省7~18岁中小学生的肺活量和肺活量体重指数(Vital Capacity-weight Index,VCWI)数据进行分析。结果 1985—2014年的29年间,城男各年龄组VCWI数值均下降(P值均<0.01),平均下降16.15 mL/kg,肺活量平均下降76.08 mL;城女各年龄组肺活量和VCWI均下降(P值均<0.01),肺活量平均下降204.83 mL,VCWI平均下降14.33 mL/kg;乡男各年龄组VCWI数值均下降(P值均<0.01),VCWI平均下降15.48 mL/kg,肺活量平均下降88.27 mL;乡女各年龄组肺活量和VCWI均下降(P值均<0.01),肺活量平均下降240.19 mL,VCWI平均下降14.37 mL/kg。1985—2005年,肺活量与VCWI持续下降,自2010年开始开始呈现缓慢上升趋势。结论黑龙江地区7~18岁中小学生呼吸功能不容乐观,尤其是城市地区和男生群体,需采取有效措施提升学生的呼吸功能。
Objective To explore the change trend of respiratory function of primary and secondary school students between the ages of 7 and 18 in Heilongjiang Province from 1985 to 2014, and to provide the basis for physical education research. Methods According to the survey data of national students’ physique and health from 1985 to 2014, the data of Vital Capacity-weight Index, VCWI) data for analysis. Results During the 29 years from 1985 to 2014, the values of VCWI decreased in all age groups (P <0.01), with an average decrease of 16.15 mL / kg and an average decrease of 76.08 mL in vital capacity. The vital capacity and VCWI in all age groups decreased (P <0.01). The mean vital capacity decreased by 204.83 mL and the average VCWI decreased by 14.33 mL / kg. The VCWI values of all age groups were decreased (P <0.01), VCWI decreased by 15.48 mL / kg on average and the average vital capacity decreased by 88.27 mL. The lung capacity and VCWI of rural and urban women were decreased in all age groups (P <0.01). The average vital capacity decreased 240.19 mL and the average VCWI decreased 14.37 mL / kg. From 1985 to 2005, vital capacity and VCWI continued to decline, showing a slow upward trend since 2010. Conclusion The respiratory function of primary and secondary school students aged 7 ~ 18 in Heilongjiang Province is not optimistic. Especially in urban areas and boys, effective measures should be taken to improve students’ respiratory function.