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中国以全世界9%的耕地,养活了近20%的人口,这是令人自豪的。但我们同样需要清醒地认识到,被过量施用的化肥比例超过了30%。首先,中国耕地资源非常有限,人均占地面积少。其次,随着工业化和城市化的发展,一些肥沃的土壤被占用。再次,由于中国农田基础设施薄弱,机械装备落后,因此肥料用量不断增加。此外,中国多种植经济作物,复种指数高,同时受到种植制度的影响会造成肥料用量过大。最后,中国豆科作物比例不到5%,为了提高粮食产量,普遍改种玉米。近些年,玉米的面积增加了近一亿亩,施肥量较大。
It is a great pride for China to feed its nearly 20% of the population with 9% of the world’s cultivated land. However, we also need to clearly understand that over-application of fertilizers exceeds 30%. First of all, China has a very limited arable land resources and a small area per capita. Second, with the development of industrialization and urbanization, some fertile soil is occupied. Thirdly, due to the weak infrastructure of farmland in China and the backward machinery and equipment, the amount of manure used is constantly increasing. In addition, the high cropping index for multiple cash crops in China and the impact of the planting system will result in an excessive amount of fertilizer. Lastly, the proportion of leguminous crops in China is less than 5%. In order to increase food production, corn is commonly re-introduced. In recent years, the area of corn has increased by nearly 100 million mu and the amount of fertilizer has been increased.