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目的分析2000—2014年15年间云南傣族儿童青少年营养状况及其发展趋势,为提出改善傣族儿童青少年营养现状的建议提供参考。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,在云南省西双版纳州随机抽取2个县15所中小学7~18岁傣族学生作为研究对象。采用WHO-2006标准和中国儿童青少年BMI超重肥胖筛查标准(WOGC标准),比较2000—2014年15年间历次参加全国学生体质健康调研的学生生长迟缓、消瘦、超重和肥胖检出率的流行情况,并分析其变化趋势。结果 2000,2005,2010和2014年7~18岁男生生长迟缓率分别为44.16%,33.85%,24.60%和15.25%,消瘦率分别为14.26%,20.09%,17.06%和14.49%;7~18岁女生生长迟缓率分别为33.87%,25.77%,20.19%和12.52%,消瘦率分别为11.09%,12.96%,12.63%和9.86%。2000,2005,2010和2014年傣族男生超重肥胖率分别为1.03%,1.78%,8.10%和7.36%;女生为1.02%,1.15%,4.60%和5.84%。结论傣族7~18岁学生营养不良率全面下降,但超重肥胖的营养不均衡问题逐年增高。
Objective To analyze the nutritional status and development trends of Dai children and adolescents in Yunnan during the 15-year period from 2000 to 2014, and provide references for improving the nutritional status of Dai children and adolescents in Yunnan. Methods A multistage stratified stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select randomly Dai children aged 7-18 in primary and secondary schools in 2 counties in Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Adopting WHO-2006 standard and Chinese Children’s BMI Overweight and Obesity Screening Standards (WOGC) to compare the prevalence of slow growth, weight loss, overweight and obesity among students who participated in the National Student Physical Health Survey for the 15 years from 2000 to 2014 , And analyze its changing trend. Results The growth retardation rates of boys aged from 7 to 18 years were 44.16%, 33.85%, 24.60% and 15.25% respectively in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014. The wasting rates were 14.26%, 20.09%, 17.06% and 14.49%, respectively. The growth retardation rates of aged girls were 33.87%, 25.77%, 20.19% and 12.52% respectively. The wasting rates were 11.09%, 12.96%, 12.63% and 9.86% respectively. Overweight and obesity rates of Dai boys in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014 were 1.03%, 1.78%, 8.10% and 7.36% respectively; girls were 1.02%, 1.15%, 4.60% and 5.84% respectively. Conclusions The malnutrition rate of Dai students aged 7-18 years decreased overall, but the imbalanced nutrition of overweight and obesity increased year by year.