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女性阴道内的微生物，在维持阴道内环境的稳态中起着重要作用。利用分子生物学手段，阴道微生物的多样性逐渐被揭示。阴道微生物的多样性与人体内的激素水平、月经周期和种族都存在关联。各种菌群的种类和数量改变，即比例失衡，会导致生殖道感染及相关并发症，甚至导致性传播疾病的感染和播散。了解阴道微生物的多样性和生殖健康关系的研究进展十分必要，在辩识疾病的的高危因素和选择治疗方案时都会有所促进。“,”It is wel establised that vaginal microbiota plays a significant role in the maintenance of female reproductive health. With the development and the use of molecular-based techniques involved in studying microbiome, the diversity has been estimated. The diversity of microbiota is dependent on a symbiotic relationship among hormone level, menstrual cycle as wel as ethnic. The change of species and quantity would elicit reproductive tract infections, related complication,and transmition of sexual transmitted diseases. It is necessary for us to understand the relationship between vaginal microbiota and female reproductive health, aiming to recognizing high risk factors and conducing to choose therapeutic methods.