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目的评价健康教育预防农村学龄儿童伤害的干预效果,为儿童伤害防制提供依据。方法分层整群随机抽取恩施市某乡镇小学三、四、五年级,中学七、八年级所有在校学生共1 006人为干预组,另一个乡镇的中小学对应年级的在校学生共1 115人为对照组;对干预组儿童进行为期1 a的预防儿童伤害健康教育干预,对照组不采取任何干预措施。通过对干预前后的伤害问卷对比干预前后学龄儿童伤害发生率的变化。结果干预组学龄儿童伤害发生率由干预前的18.1%下降至干预后的10.2%(χ~2=25.560,P<0.05),对照组干预前后伤害发生率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.468,P=0.226)。干预组留守儿童的伤害发生率由干预前的23.5%下降至干预后的11.7%(χ~2=23.127,P<0.05)。干预组学龄儿童的跌落伤和烧烫伤由干预前的7.8%和1.9%分别降至干预后的3.7%和0.8%(χ~2值分别为16.071,4.864,P<0.05)。结论健康教育干预对减少农村学龄儿童伤害,尤其是减少留守儿童的伤害发生效果明显。
Objective To evaluate the intervention effect of health education on prevention of injuries of school-age children in rural areas and provide the basis for prevention and control of child injury. Methods A total of 1 006 school-aged students of grade three, grade four and five in a township primary and secondary school in Enshi city were randomly selected as stratified cluster. Artificial control group; the intervention group of children for a period of 1-year health education to prevent child injury intervention, the control group did not take any interventions. Before and after the intervention by comparing the injury questionnaire before and after the intervention of school-age children injury incidence changes. Results The incidence of injury in school-age children in the intervention group decreased from 18.1% before intervention to 10.2% after intervention (χ ~ 2 = 25.560, P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in the incidence of injury before and after intervention in the control group (χ ~ 2 = 1.468, P = 0.226). The incidence of injury to left-behind children in intervention group decreased from 23.5% before intervention to 11.7% after intervention (χ ~ 2 = 23.127, P <0.05). Drops and burns in school-age children in intervention group decreased from 7.8% and 1.9% before intervention to 3.7% and 0.8% after intervention, respectively (χ ~ 2 = 16.071,4.864, P <0.05). Conclusion The intervention of health education has obvious effect on reducing the injury of school-age children in rural areas, especially for the children with left-behind children.