论文部分内容阅读
本文从我国的能源形势及建筑节能的紧迫性出发,分析了采暖地区住宅建筑的能耗构成及当前建筑节能中存在的问题与解决途径。根据国家建材局能源处的统计资料,全国每年建材生产耗能总数为5833万吨标准煤,其中高达54.2％的能源消耗于普通粘土砖瓦生产,这是由于建材产品结构的不合理所造成,它是建材生产能耗过高的原因之一。因而降低建造能耗的主要途径在于降低各种建材的生产能耗,采用能耗低的建材和制品,建材部门要着手调整我国墙体材料的产品结构。又根据最近的调查资料,在采暖地区建筑物的建造能耗和使用能耗之比为1:7～16,因此,我们既要重视建造能耗的节约,更要重视使用能耗的节约,而且必须把注意力放在供暖能耗方面,采取各种有力的节能措施。文章列举了我国住宅建筑节能中的几个突出问题,它们是: (1)当前采暖房屋中的严重问题是热效率低,建筑功能差,加以住宅建设速度的加快等原因引起采暖能耗迅速增长。 (2)建筑节能的核心问题是要合理提高房屋保温隔热质量。 (3)提高房屋保温隔热质量的根本出路是要大力发展新型建筑材料。文章还论证了建筑热工设计不应只立足于卫生要求,更应立足于节约能源及其社会经济效益。按“经济热阻”设计外围护结构是一种较为合理的方法,它有助于改善房屋的保温隔热质量。文章提出了应当控制能耗高的普通粘土砖的盲目发展,建议大力发展岩棉、加气混凝土、膨胀珍珠岩等新型建筑材料作为“节能型”墙体材料,对此作了可行性及其社会经济效益的研究及论证分析,在技术经济政策上提出了如何促进、扶助新型建筑材料的发展的一些看法和建议。
Based on the energy situation in our country and the urgency of building energy conservation, this paper analyzes the energy consumption components of residential buildings in heating areas and the existing problems and solutions in building energy conservation. According to the statistical data of the Energy Department of the State Building Materials Administration, the total energy consumption of building materials in China is 58.33 million tons of standard coal each year, of which up to 54.2% of energy is consumed in the production of ordinary clay bricks. This is due to the unreasonable structure of building materials. It is one of the reasons for the high energy consumption of building materials. Therefore, the main way to reduce energy consumption in construction is to reduce the production energy consumption of various building materials, and to use building materials and products with low energy consumption. The building materials department should start to adjust the product structure of China’s wall materials. According to recent survey data, the ratio of energy consumption for building construction to energy consumption for use in heating areas is 1:7 to 16. Therefore, we must pay attention to the saving of energy consumption in construction and pay more attention to saving energy consumption. And we must pay attention to heating energy consumption and adopt various effective energy-saving measures. The article cited several prominent issues in the energy-saving of residential buildings in China. They are: (1) The serious problems in current heating houses are the low thermal efficiency, poor building functions, and the acceleration of the speed of housing construction, which causes a rapid increase in heating energy consumption. (2) The core issue of energy efficiency in buildings is to improve the quality of housing insulation. (3) The fundamental way to improve the quality of house insulation is to develop new building materials. The article also demonstrated that building thermal design should not be based solely on health requirements, but should be based on energy conservation and its social and economic benefits. Designing the external protective structure according to “economical thermal resistance” is a more reasonable method, which helps to improve the thermal insulation quality of the house. The article proposed that the blind development of common clay bricks with high energy consumption should be controlled. It is suggested that new types of building materials such as rock wool, aerated concrete and expanded perlite should be developed as “energy-saving” wall materials. The research and demonstration of social and economic benefits have put forward some opinions and suggestions on how to promote and assist the development of new building materials in terms of technical and economic policies.