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一、十九世纪末的主要文艺流派正如法国自然主义作家左拉所说:“艺术作品是通过艺术家的气质反映出来的自然界的一个片断。”自然主义者否认现实中客观规律的存在,认为认识的作用只是对偶然的、零碎的个别现象的描绘和“定影”;他们不求揭示现象的内在涵义,也不表现本质的、规律性的事物,只求个别的、表面的现象的写
First, the major literary genres of the late nineteenth century, as the French naturalist Zola said: “A work of art is a fragment of nature reflected in the temperament of an artist.” “Naturalists deny the existence of objective laws in reality, The function of cognition is merely to depict and ”fix" the incidental and fragmentary individual phenomena; they do not seek to reveal the intrinsic meaning of the phenomenon, nor do they manifest the essential and regular things, but seek individual and superficial phenomena write