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目的调查神经内科住院患者中有卒中危险因素的人群对卒中危险因素、自身卒中风险、卒中预防的认知情况。方法 2012年1-8月,采用自制调查问卷,以面对面的方式,对重庆医科大学附属第二医院神经内科住院患者中500例有卒中危险因素者进行调查。调查内容主要为要求患者回答卒中危险因素、自身是否存在卒中风险以及卒中预防措施等,并应用Logistic回归分析方法对相关因素进行分析。结果共完成调查问卷467份。其中,46.3%的患者能正确回答至少1个卒中危险因素,15.5%能回答≥3个。回答卒中危险因素中比例最高的分别为高血压(39.4%)、高脂血症(17.1%)及糖尿病(14.6%)。44.8%的患者意识到自己存在卒中风险,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度、高脂血症、心脏病、既往卒中病史与卒中风险认识水平独立相关。55.2%的患者认为卒中能够预防。卒中预防措施中提到最多的是合理饮食(29.3%)、适当锻炼(28.5%)、避免情绪激动或跌倒(18.4%)。结论神经内科住院的卒中高危患者缺乏对危险因素、卒中风险及卒中预防措施的认识,有必要加强健康教育以提高其对卒中预防的认识水平。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of stroke risk factors, stroke risk and stroke prevention in hospitalized patients with neurological stroke who were at risk of stroke. Methods From January to August 2012, 500 patients with stroke risk factors in in-patient in department of neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were surveyed in a face-to-face manner using a self-made questionnaire. The survey mainly asked patients to answer the risk factors of stroke, their own risk of stroke and stroke prevention measures. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors. Results A total of 467 questionnaires were completed. Among them, 46.3% of patients correctly answered at least 1 stroke risk factors, 15.5% can answer ≥ 3. Responding to the highest risk factors for stroke were hypertension (39.4%), hyperlipidemia (17.1%) and diabetes (14.6%). 44.8% of patients were aware of their risk of stroke. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, previous stroke history and stroke risk were independently correlated. 55.2% of patients believe that stroke can be prevented. Mentioned in the prevention of stroke most is a reasonable diet (29.3%), appropriate exercise (28.5%), to avoid agitation or fall (18.4%). Conclusions There is a lack of awareness of risk factors, risk of stroke and stroke prevention in hospitalized patients with neurological stroke. It is necessary to strengthen health education to improve their understanding of stroke prevention.