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一、考察地区自然条件对春夏秋甜菜产质量的影响1、四至六月份气侯条件有利于春播甜菜生长,块根增长迅速,产量较好。但七月份高温多雨季节,造成春播甜菜严重感染褐斑病、根腐病,影响高产,而且质量差,糖厂加工困难。2、夏播或夏育秋栽甜菜茎叶生长高峰期可以错开七、八月高温多雨季节,使病害减轻,但由于七、八月气侯特点,使甜菜茎叶生长过盛,相对抑制块根的增长,九、十月份昼夜温差加大、块根糖分积累又相对抑制块根的增长,故夏播甜菜质量较好,产量偏低。夏育秋栽甜菜由于块根积糖期较短,使其含糖易偏低。3、光时、光质较高的六、七月份,在相对的夜间低温条件下,易引起第一年生甜菜营养生长向生殖生长质变过渡,产生“当年抽苔”“高青顶”现象。二、对考察地区目前甜菜栽培技术意见1、春播甜菜前期以控为主,夏播甜菜促控结合;夏育秋栽甜菜前期以促为主。在肥水管理上要求夏播甜菜九月中旬,秋栽甜菜九月下旬应达到茎叶生长高峰期,田间封垅。2、采用垄作有提高土壤温度,促进甜菜块根生长的良好作用。3、夏播甜菜五月下旬育苗,七月上中旬移栽是提高产质量的一项有力措施。4、播种期、收获期要适时,要选用良种,合理密植,注意防治病虫害。三、根据丰、沛、海安、如皋县甜菜技术考察表明:江苏省气侯条件具备发展春、夏、秋三季甜菜的可能,这对延长糖厂榨期具有重要意义。因此,需要尽快建立甜菜育种试验站,加快培育适合我省不同地区及春、夏、秋栽培的甜菜优良品种,深入研究提高春、夏、秋甜菜产质量的栽培技术措施。
First, examine the impact of natural conditions on the yield and quality of spring, summer and autumn beet 1, the climate conditions from April to June are conducive to the growth of spring beet, tuberous roots grow rapidly, the yield is better. However, the hot and rainy seasons in July caused severe infestation of brown spot and root rot in spring beet, which affected high yield, poor quality and difficult processing of sugar mills. 2, summer sowing or summer planting planted sugarbeet stems and leaves peak growth period can be staggered seven or August high temperature and rainy season, so that the disease alleviated, but because of July and August climate, so that beet stems and leaves over-growth, relative inhibition of root growth In September and October, the temperature difference between day and night increased, root tuber sugar accumulation also inhibited the growth of root tubers, so the quality of summer sowing beet was good and the yield was low. Xia Yu autumn planted sugar beet because of the shorter period of sugar, making it easy to lower sugar content. 3, light, high light quality in June and July, at relatively low night conditions, easily lead to the first annual growth of reproductive growth of sugar beet nutrition growth transition, resulting in “bolting year” “high green top” phenomenon. Second, the investigation of the current sugar beet cultivation techniques 1, early spring-beet pre-dominated by the summer sowing sugar beet promote control; Xia Yuqiu planted beet mainly to promote the main. Demand for summer fertilizer beet management in mid-September, autumn planted beets in late September should reach the peak growth of stems and leaves, the field seal 垅. 2, the use of ridge to improve the soil temperature to promote the growth of beet root tubers good effect. 3, summer planting beet seedlings in late May, transplanting in mid-July is to improve the quality of production and a powerful measure. 4, sowing period, the harvest period should be timely, to use seed, reasonable close planting, pay attention to pest control. Third, according to Feng, Pei, MSC, Rugao beet technology inspection showed that: the climate conditions in Jiangsu Province have the possibility of developing spring, summer and autumn beet, which is of great significance to the extension of the sugar mill squeezing period. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a beet breeding pilot station as soon as possible to speed up the cultivation of fine varieties of sugar beet suitable for cultivation in different regions of our province and in spring, summer and autumn, and further study cultivation techniques and measures for improving yield and quality of spring, summer and autumn beet.