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Ⅰ塌陷在峰林谷地或孤峰平原地区,地表上一般都有第四纪松散沉积物覆盖,地下水埋藏也较浅。由于地下水季节性的垂直升降和水平循环的交错作用,以及地下水通过各种岩溶通道对基岩上面的覆盖土层产生侵蚀、淘空作用,致使土层膨胀、崩解,土粒脱落,并沿地下通道被地下水带走。经过这种长期、反复和间歇的过程,土层逐步被侵蚀淘空而形成土涧。土洞越来越扩大,顶板越来越薄,同时地表水的渗入使土层又受地表水的机械作用,加速了土洞的发育。当内、外部条件及应力状态发生变化,洞项支撑不住时,即产生塌陷.因此,在土层中有土洞存在的地方开发利用地下水,特别是大量抽取地下水时,由于破坏了各种条件的平衡,常常伴随着发生大量的土洞塌陷,破坏农田,危及建筑物基础的稳定性和村庄的安全
Ⅰ Subsidence In Fenglin Valley or Gufeng Plain, Quaternary sediments are generally covered on the surface, and groundwater is also buried shallowly. Due to seasonal vertical vertical movements of groundwater and staggered horizontal circulation, groundwater erodes the overlying bedrock of the bedrock through various karst passages, causing the earth to swell, disintegrate and fall off. Underground passage is taken away by the groundwater. After this long, repeated and intermittent process, the soil is gradually eroded to form an earth stream. The earth hole is expanding more and more, the roof is thinner and thinner. At the same time, the infiltration of surface water makes the soil layer also receive the mechanical action of surface water and accelerates the development of earth caves. When the internal and external conditions and stress changes, the cave project does not support, that is, there is collapse in the soil there is a place where the development and utilization of groundwater, especially when large amounts of groundwater extraction, due to the destruction of various The balance of conditions is often accompanied by the occurrence of large numbers of cave collapse, damage to farmland, endangering the stability of the building foundation and village safety