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1.本试验是在田间条件下分两地进行,一是主要试验,另一为补充试验。主要试验的供试品种是北京本地农家品种。补充试验的供试品种是农大三号。用1%过磷酸钙肥液在小麦分蘖、拔节、孕穗、抽穗、开花、灌浆以及乳熟等七个发育时期进行单独或不同粗合的根外喷肥。主要试验以不喷肥也不喷水为对照。补充试验以不喷水也不喷肥为自然对照之外,另增加喷水对照。2.分蘖期喷磷不增加有效分蘖数而增加总小穗数及主茎的能育小穗数和小穗粒数、总粒重增加,麦粒合氮量亦略增加;茎稈此对照重、矮和粗,加速穗原始体和植株发育进程。3.拔节期喷磷增加有效分蘖数,大大增加主茎旁茎的能育小穗数和小穗粒数,对千粒重没有显著影响,总粒重增加,降低麦粒含氮量;茎稈此对照重、矮和粗,加速穗原始体和植株的发育进程。4.孕穗期喷磷增加主茎、旁茎的能育小穗数和小穗粒数,对千粒重影响不大,总粒重增加,降低麦粒含氮量;茎稈此对照粗和重,加速植株发育进程。5.抽穗期喷磷不增加总粒重,但大大提高麦粒合氮量;对植株发育进程没有显著影响。6.开花期喷磷大大增加千粒重,显著增加能育小穗数和小穗粒数,总粒重增加,但大大降低麦粒含氮量;加速乳熟进程。7.灌浆期喷磷大大增加千粒重,显著增加能育小穗数和小穗粒数,患粒重增加,麦粒合氮量与对照相近。8.乳熟期喷磷大大增加千粒重、能育小穗数和小穗粒数,总粒重增加,减低麦粒合氮量。9.单独时期喷磷的增产效果优于粗合时期喷磷(除孕穗期和抽穗期连续喷磷外);晚期(开花后)喷磷的增产效果优于早期(除拔节期喷肥外)。因此,根据本试验看来,全期(分蘖期到开花期)、前期(分蘖期和拔节期)以及分蘖期进行喷磷是不必要的。10.在各种喷磷处理中,以拔节期喷磷的增产效果最好,它全面地影响了产量构成的各介因素,从而得到最高的增产量(36%);其次,效果最好的是乳熟期喷磷,增产达17.2%。11.作者讨论了拔节期和乳熟期喷磷得到优良效果的原因,并认为这二个时期喷磷最为有效,如果在拔节期喷磷的基础上再加以乳熟期喷磷,则可能产生更大的增产效果;最后作者认为有必要从生理和形态方面对拔节期和乳熟期的磷素根外追肥,作进一步的研究和试验。
1. This test is carried out in two fields under field conditions, one is the main test, the other is a supplementary test. The main test varieties tested are local farmers in Beijing. Supplementary test varieties tested are Nongda No.3. 1% superphosphate fertilizer was used to separate or different root out-shoots in seven tillering, jointing, booting, heading, flowering, filling and milking stages of wheat. The main test to not spray or spray water as a control. Supplementary test to not spray or spray as a natural control, another additional water control. The tillering stage did not increase the number of effective tillering tiller number and increase the number of spikelets and spikelets of main stems and spikelets per panicle, the total grain weight increased, the amount of nitrogen combined slightly increased; stems of this control Heavy, short and thick, speed up the spike and plant development. Spraying phosphorus at jointing stage increased the number of effective tillers, greatly increased the numbers of spikelets and spikelets per plant, and had no significant effect on 1000-grain weight, increased the total grain weight and decreased the nitrogen content of grain; Contrast weight, short and thick, speed up the process of development of the spike and plants. In the booting stage, phosphorus increased the number of spikelets and spikelets of main stem and accessory stem, which had little effect on 1000-grain weight, increased the total grain weight and decreased the nitrogen content of grain; Accelerate plant development. Phosphatation at heading stage did not increase the total grain weight, but greatly increased the nitrogen content of grain; had no significant effect on plant development. In the flowering stage, P increased greatly the thousand-kernel weight, significantly increased the number of spikelets and the number of spikelets per spike, and increased the total kernel weight, but greatly reduced the nitrogen content of the kernels; accelerated the milk ripening process. During the grain-filling stage, phosphorus was increased significantly by 1000-grain weight, and the number of spikelets and spikelets per plant were significantly increased. The grain weight was increased, and the nitrogen content of grain was similar to the control. 8. Milk stage phosphorus spray increased grain weight, fertile spikelets and spikelets, the total grain weight increased, reducing grain nitrogen content. The yield increase of spraying phosphorus in single time was better than that of spraying phosphorus in roughing (except continuous spraying of phosphorus at booting and heading stage). The yield increase of late spraying (after flowering) was better than early spraying (except spraying at jointing stage) . Therefore, according to this experiment, it is not necessary to spray phosphorus in whole period (tillering stage to flowering stage), early stage (tillering stage and jointing stage) and tillering stage. In all kinds of phosphorus spraying, the yield increase effect of spraying phosphorus at the jointing stage is the best, which affects all factors of the yield formation in an all-round way, thus obtaining the highest yield increase (36%); secondly, the best effect Milk is ripening phosphorus, yield up to 17.2%. 11. The authors discuss the reasons for the excellent effect of spraying phosphorus at jointing stage and milk ripening stage and think that spraying phosphorus is the most effective during the two periods. If spraying phosphorus at the jointing stage and then spraying milk during milky stage, it may produce The bigger the effect of increasing yield. Finally, the author thinks it is necessary to further research and experiment on the top dressing of phosphorus and the top-dressing of phosphorus at jointing stage and milky stage in physiological and morphological aspects.