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癫痫是一种复发性的短暂的大脑功能失调。临床表现为感觉、运动、植物神经功能、精神活动障碍以及脑电图异常。其重要特征为反复发作,可分为原发性及继发性两大类,前者的原因不明,倾向有遗传性,而后者系由神经系统有各种器质上的损害而引起。临床方面,癫痫症状分为:大发作、小发作、精神运动性发作、局限性发作、癫痫持续状态等。常用的抗癫痫药有巴比妥类(苯巴比妥、去氧苯比妥)、苯二氮(艹卓)类(安定,硝基安定、氯硝基安定、去甲羟安定)乙内酰脲类(苯妥英钠)、琥珀酰亚胺类(乙琥胺、苯琥胺)、氧唑酮类(三甲双酮)。其它的抗癫痫药有酰胺咪嗪(痛痉宁)、丙戊酸钠(敌百痉)、抗痫灵、水合氯醛、副醛、硫酸镁等。氯硝基安定、酰胺咪嗪、丙戊酸钠、抗痫灵的发现,将抗癫痫药推向一个新阶段。
Epilepsy is a recurrent transient brain dysfunction. Clinical manifestations are sensory, motor, autonomic, mental disorders, and EEG abnormalities. Its important feature is recurrent, can be divided into two major categories of primary and secondary, the former is unknown, tend to be hereditary, which is caused by the nervous system has a variety of physical damage. Clinical aspects, epilepsy symptoms are divided into: major episodes, minor seizures, psychomotor seizures, localized seizures, status epilepticus and so on. Common antiepileptic drugs are barbiturates (phenobarbital, hexamidine), benzodiazepines (acenaphthene) (diazepam, nitrazepam, clonazepam, norvalonan) B Ureide (phenytoin sodium), succinimides (ethosuximide, pheosyl amine), oxazolones (trimethadione). Other anti-epileptic drugs such as amidipramine (pain Jing Ning), sodium valproate (the enemy of 100 spasm), anti-epilepsy Ling, chloral hydrate, paraformaldehyde, magnesium sulfate and so on. Clonazepam, clomipramine, sodium valproate, anti-epilepsy Ling’s discovery, the antiepileptic drugs to a new phase.