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对近地轨道长时间多星交会问题,考虑基于光照条件的时间窗口与J2摄动影响,建立多星交会混合整数非线性规划模型,提出两层混合优化方法进行求解:上层问题以交会次序、交会轨道转移时间及交会后服务时间为设计变量,采用混合离散连续编码遗传算法求解,下层优化以单次交会轨道机动时间及机动冲量为设计变量,采用下山单纯形法求解;推导考虑J2摄动轨道要素差分线性交会方程,并以该方程为基础提出下层优化近似策略,以提高计算效率.仿真结果表明:1)建立的近地轨道长时间多星交会任务的混合整数非线性规划模型是有效的,提出的两层混合优化方法可以获得满足时间窗口约束的满意解;2)推导的线性交会方程是考虑J2摄动长时间轨道交会轨道良好的一阶近似;3)在J2摄动影响下长时间交会问题无论在一个还是多个轨道周期的时间尺度上均具有多峰性,基于混合编码遗传算法求解多星交会任务规划问题符合问题特征.
Considering the influence of time window and J2 perturbation based on light conditions, a mixed integer non-linear programming model of multi-star intersection is established, and a two-layer hybrid optimization method is proposed to solve the problem of long-time multi-star orbit intersection in near-Earth orbit. The upper- Intersection orbit transfer time and post-rendezvous and service time are design variables and are solved by hybrid discrete continuous-coding genetic algorithm. In the lower level optimization, single-intersection orbit maneuvering time and maneuvering impulse are used as design variables, and the down-hill simplex method is used to solve the problem. Orbit element differential linear intersection equation, and based on this equation, a lower-layer approximation strategy is proposed to improve the computational efficiency.The simulation results show that: 1) the mixed integer nonlinear programming model of long-time multi-star rendezvous task for near-Earth orbit , The proposed two-layer hybrid optimization method can obtain satisfactory solutions that satisfy the time window constraints; 2) The derived linear intersection equation is a good first-order approximation taking into account the orbital intersection of long perturbations of J2 perturbation; 3) Under the influence of J2 perturbation, The long-term rendezvous problem has multi-peak on time scales of one or more orbital periods, based on Co-coding genetic algorithm for multi-satellite rendezvous mission planning features meet the problem.