论文部分内容阅读
形容词作定语时一般放在被修饰词之前,但我们会经常遇到形容词作定语时后置的情况。现简要说明如下:
1. 形容词作不定代词的定语时后置
I have nothing particular to cope with today. 我今天没有特别的事情要处理。
Nobody important attended their wedding. 参加他们婚礼的没有重要人物。
2. 部分形容词作定语时只能后置
Be quiet or you will wake up the baby asleep upstairs.
安静点儿,不然会吵醒睡在楼上的宝宝。
He is the greatest artist alive.
他是现今世界上最伟大的艺术家。
There is water aplenty here. 这里有丰富的水资源。
There are rumors afloat. 谣言满天飞。
She is the president elect. 她是当选的总统。
3. 并列的形容词作定语时多后置
He was killed in an accident pure and simple.
他在一场纯属偶然的事故中丧生。
Never had I seen a face so happy, sweet and radiant.
我从来没见过如此幸福甜美、容光焕发的面孔。
Speakers timid or cowardly are not popular with audience.
胆小怯懦的讲演者是不受听众欢迎的。
A man poor but contented enjoys life. 安贫知足者常乐。
但并列的形容词也有前置的情况:
One ought to draw the positive and negative historical lessons.
大家应当吸取正反两面的历史教训。
We have tried our best and fulfilled a possible but hard task.
我们竭尽全力完成了一项可能但困难的任务。
4. 形容词用作非限制性定语时后置
He man, silent, stood beside her. 这个男人一声不吭,站在她旁边。
He is a Parisian, born and bred.
他是地地道道的巴黎人。
5. 表示度量的形容词作定语被其它词语修饰时后置
这类形容词主要有:
broad, deep, high, wide, tall, old, wide, long, young等。
There stands a memorial tower 12 storeys high at the centre of the city.
市中心有一座12层的纪念塔。
Her daughter married a man forty years old.
她女儿嫁给了一个四十岁的人。
An express highway 880 kilometers long is being built.
一条880公里长的高速公路正在修建中。
6. 在固定搭配中作定语的形容词后置
the third person singular 第三人称单数
Astronomer Royal 皇家天文学家
a court martial 军事法庭
notary public 公证人
7. 某些形容词作专有名词的定语时后置
William the Silent 威廉一世
Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝
John Brown Senior/Junior老/小约翰•布朗
Prince Charming 白马王子
8. 形容词作things(文物)的定语时后置
things作“文物”解时,其形容词定语需后置:
He enjoys collecting things Chinese. 他喜欢收藏中国文物。
There are quite a few things Western in the museum.
这座博物馆展有很多西洋文物。
9. 形容词短语作定语时后置
形容词与名词、介词短语、不定式(短语)等构成的短语作定语时需后置:
She has a villa worth one million dollars. 她有一套价值一百万美元的别墅。
They are adventurers eager for success. 他们是一伙急于求成的冒险家。
A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.
一个如此难取悦的人一定不好共事。
10. 作定语时前置与后置意义相同的形容词
①available 前置与后置意义相同,但后置的情况较多:
I’ll send you all the periodicals available.
我将把我能得到的期刊给你寄去。
All the available money has been used up.
手头的钱都用完了。
②next,last,preceding,following 修饰表示时间的名词时,前置与后置意义相同,但前置的情况较多:
They got married the preceding year(=the year preceding)and their baby arrived the following year(=the year following). 他们上年结婚,翌年生子。
Please call me up next Saturday.=Please call me up on Saturday next.
下周六请打电话给我。
③enough修饰名词时前置与后置意义相同,但前置的情况较多:
There is enough wine ( =wine enough ) for six persons. 酒够六个人喝。
④total前置与后置(只限于sum total中,其它情况要前置)意义相同:
What’s the total population of Britain?
英国有多少人口?
The sum total of the expenses for the trip was $450.
旅行的总开支是450美元。
⑤missing作“缺少的”解时,前置与后置意义相同,但前置的情况较多:
The new book had two missing pages(=pages missing).
这本新书缺两页。
但作其它意义解时,要前置:
One of the duties of the police is to try to find the missing persons.
警察的职责之一是设法找到失踪的人。
⑥possible与另一形容词最高级搭配时,作前置定语或后置定语意义相同:
I have never seen the best possible performance(=the best performance possible).
比这再好的表演,我们从未看过。
They are running at the highest possible speed(=the highest speed possible) to catch the robber.
他们以尽可能快的速度去追赶抢劫者。
11. 作定语时前置与后置意义不同的形容词
①present表示“目前的,现在的”等意义时,前置;表示“在场的,出席的”意义时,后置:
Something must be done about the present situation.
关于目前的情况必须采取某种措施。
All the girls present are looking forward to shaking hands with the handsome actor.
所有在场的女孩都盼望着和那位潇洒英俊的演员握手。
②proper表示“适当的,正确的”等意义时,前置;表示“真正的,本身的”等意义时,后置:
Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions.
用适当的介词填空。
After the brief introduction we started the meeting proper.
简短的介绍之后进入会议正题。
③used表示“旧的,用过的,二手的”等意义时,前置;表示“所用的”之意时,常后置:
The Smiths want to buy a used house.
史密斯夫妇想买一座二手房子。
The designers decided to change the materials used.
设计者决定改变所用的材料。
1. 形容词作不定代词的定语时后置
I have nothing particular to cope with today. 我今天没有特别的事情要处理。
Nobody important attended their wedding. 参加他们婚礼的没有重要人物。
2. 部分形容词作定语时只能后置
Be quiet or you will wake up the baby asleep upstairs.
安静点儿,不然会吵醒睡在楼上的宝宝。
He is the greatest artist alive.
他是现今世界上最伟大的艺术家。
There is water aplenty here. 这里有丰富的水资源。
There are rumors afloat. 谣言满天飞。
She is the president elect. 她是当选的总统。
3. 并列的形容词作定语时多后置
He was killed in an accident pure and simple.
他在一场纯属偶然的事故中丧生。
Never had I seen a face so happy, sweet and radiant.
我从来没见过如此幸福甜美、容光焕发的面孔。
Speakers timid or cowardly are not popular with audience.
胆小怯懦的讲演者是不受听众欢迎的。
A man poor but contented enjoys life. 安贫知足者常乐。
但并列的形容词也有前置的情况:
One ought to draw the positive and negative historical lessons.
大家应当吸取正反两面的历史教训。
We have tried our best and fulfilled a possible but hard task.
我们竭尽全力完成了一项可能但困难的任务。
4. 形容词用作非限制性定语时后置
He man, silent, stood beside her. 这个男人一声不吭,站在她旁边。
He is a Parisian, born and bred.
他是地地道道的巴黎人。
5. 表示度量的形容词作定语被其它词语修饰时后置
这类形容词主要有:
broad, deep, high, wide, tall, old, wide, long, young等。
There stands a memorial tower 12 storeys high at the centre of the city.
市中心有一座12层的纪念塔。
Her daughter married a man forty years old.
她女儿嫁给了一个四十岁的人。
An express highway 880 kilometers long is being built.
一条880公里长的高速公路正在修建中。
6. 在固定搭配中作定语的形容词后置
the third person singular 第三人称单数
Astronomer Royal 皇家天文学家
a court martial 军事法庭
notary public 公证人
7. 某些形容词作专有名词的定语时后置
William the Silent 威廉一世
Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝
John Brown Senior/Junior老/小约翰•布朗
Prince Charming 白马王子
8. 形容词作things(文物)的定语时后置
things作“文物”解时,其形容词定语需后置:
He enjoys collecting things Chinese. 他喜欢收藏中国文物。
There are quite a few things Western in the museum.
这座博物馆展有很多西洋文物。
9. 形容词短语作定语时后置
形容词与名词、介词短语、不定式(短语)等构成的短语作定语时需后置:
She has a villa worth one million dollars. 她有一套价值一百万美元的别墅。
They are adventurers eager for success. 他们是一伙急于求成的冒险家。
A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.
一个如此难取悦的人一定不好共事。
10. 作定语时前置与后置意义相同的形容词
①available 前置与后置意义相同,但后置的情况较多:
I’ll send you all the periodicals available.
我将把我能得到的期刊给你寄去。
All the available money has been used up.
手头的钱都用完了。
②next,last,preceding,following 修饰表示时间的名词时,前置与后置意义相同,但前置的情况较多:
They got married the preceding year(=the year preceding)and their baby arrived the following year(=the year following). 他们上年结婚,翌年生子。
Please call me up next Saturday.=Please call me up on Saturday next.
下周六请打电话给我。
③enough修饰名词时前置与后置意义相同,但前置的情况较多:
There is enough wine ( =wine enough ) for six persons. 酒够六个人喝。
④total前置与后置(只限于sum total中,其它情况要前置)意义相同:
What’s the total population of Britain?
英国有多少人口?
The sum total of the expenses for the trip was $450.
旅行的总开支是450美元。
⑤missing作“缺少的”解时,前置与后置意义相同,但前置的情况较多:
The new book had two missing pages(=pages missing).
这本新书缺两页。
但作其它意义解时,要前置:
One of the duties of the police is to try to find the missing persons.
警察的职责之一是设法找到失踪的人。
⑥possible与另一形容词最高级搭配时,作前置定语或后置定语意义相同:
I have never seen the best possible performance(=the best performance possible).
比这再好的表演,我们从未看过。
They are running at the highest possible speed(=the highest speed possible) to catch the robber.
他们以尽可能快的速度去追赶抢劫者。
11. 作定语时前置与后置意义不同的形容词
①present表示“目前的,现在的”等意义时,前置;表示“在场的,出席的”意义时,后置:
Something must be done about the present situation.
关于目前的情况必须采取某种措施。
All the girls present are looking forward to shaking hands with the handsome actor.
所有在场的女孩都盼望着和那位潇洒英俊的演员握手。
②proper表示“适当的,正确的”等意义时,前置;表示“真正的,本身的”等意义时,后置:
Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions.
用适当的介词填空。
After the brief introduction we started the meeting proper.
简短的介绍之后进入会议正题。
③used表示“旧的,用过的,二手的”等意义时,前置;表示“所用的”之意时,常后置:
The Smiths want to buy a used house.
史密斯夫妇想买一座二手房子。
The designers decided to change the materials used.
设计者决定改变所用的材料。