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知识特别是通过承认错误实现增长的。不过政治科学几乎没有坚持这一法则(rule)。数十年来,这一行业很少展示出自我批评的风气。我们的自我感觉往往是,我们总在向前进步,即使只是在缓慢地、非直线地进步。但是,我们是这样吗?就以苏联与共产主义研究为例。我认为,我们不能因为没有预见到苏联(res Sovietica)爆炸(implosion)的时间、突然性和规模,就遭到指责。不过,当我们回首最近30年的苏联研究,就会发现,我们似乎
Knowledge gains growth, especially by acknowledging mistakes. However, the political science almost did not adhere to this rule. For decades, this industry has seldom demonstrated a culture of self-criticism. Often our sense of self is that we are always moving forward, even if we are only slowly and non-linearly progressing. But are we like this? Take the study of the Soviet Union and communism as an example. I do not think we should be accused of not anticipating the time, suddenness and size of the res Sovietica implosion. However, when we look back at the Soviet studies of the past 30 years, we will find that we seem