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TGF β超家族调节着各种细胞的生长和分化。Smads蛋白是脊椎动物TGF β超家族细胞内信号转导和调节分子 ,Smads蛋白的结构和功能特点决定了该家族信号转导的特异性。R Smads位于细胞浆内 ,被Ⅰ受体激酶磷酸化后与Co Smad形成异聚体 ,转移到核内 ,调节靶基因的转录 ,而Anti Smad能拮抗R Smads和Co Smad的信号转导。Smads基因的变异、缺失以及表达异常是多种疾病的重要原因
The TGF β superfamily regulates the growth and differentiation of various cells. The Smads protein is a signal transducer and regulator of the vertebrate TGFβ superfamily. The structural and functional characteristics of the Smads protein determine the specificity of this family of signal transducers. R Smads, located in the cytoplasm, is phosphorylated by I-receptor kinase and forms a heterodimer with Co-Smad, which translocates to the nucleus to regulate the transcription of the target gene. Anti-Smad can antagonize the signaling of R-Smads and Co-Smad. Smads gene mutations, deletions and abnormal expression is an important cause of a variety of diseases