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目的 :了解儿童颞骨岩部的解剖特点 ,以利于儿童岩部的手术。方法 :对 8例 5～ 7岁的儿童头颅颞骨进行了骨性标志、面神经的走行、半规管的相对位置的观察 ,同时对 6例成人头颅进行了比较性的观察 ,测量了有关数据。结果 :儿童颞骨气房发育较成人差 ;65 %儿童后半规管下脚平面神经垂直段的中点 ,水平半规管更向下倾斜 ;岩部的上下径、面神经垂直段较成人短 [(3 6.3± 2 .6) <(4 5 .1± 3 .2 ) ]mm、[(9.3± 1.2 ) <(13 .9± 2 .3 ) ]。结论 :儿童颞骨结构与成人有较大区别 ,乳突部气房形成与否对半规管的位置影响较大 ;儿童经岩部手术应考虑到这些区别。
Objective: To understand the anatomical features of children’s temporal bone rock department, in order to facilitate the operation of child rock department. Methods: 8 cases of 5 ~ 7-year-old children’s skull temporal bone were examined for the signs of bony signs, the facial nerve and the relative position of the semicircular canal. Six adult skulls were comparatively observed and the related data were measured. Results: The development of the air space in children with temporal bone was worse than that in adults. The mid-point of the vertical nerve segment in the posterior semiconduction of the posterior semicircular canal in 65% of the children was more inclined downward. The vertical section of the facial nerve was shorter than the adult in vertical section of the rock (3 6.3 ± 2. 6) <(4 5 .1 ± 3 .2)] mm, [(9.3 ± 1.2) <(13.9 ± 2.3)]. Conclusion: The structure of temporal bone in children is quite different from that in adults. The formation of the mastoid atrium may have a great influence on the position of the semicircular canal. The differences should be considered in the operation of the child by the rock.