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一般农作物在抗旱性的生态型划分上属于中生植物类型。探讨中生植物抗旱性的规律,研究鉴定中生植物抗旱性强弱的方法,对于干旱地区的农业生产是十分重要的。小麦是一种耗水量较大的中生植物。在通常情况下,它的蒸腾系数约在450-550左右。在它的生长发育过程中,有两个时期对缺水最为敏感,特称为水分临界期。从分蘖末期到抽穗期为第一临界期;灌浆期到乳熟期为第二临界期。这两个时期遇到干旱,减产就最严重。农谚说“麦怕掐脖旱”、“灌浆遇旱风、麦秕穗子空”形象地刻画出小麦临界期缺水的受害症状。
General crops in the ecological division of drought resistance belongs to Mesozoic plant type. To explore the law of the drought resistance of mesophyll and to study the method of identifying the drought resistance of the mesophytes is very important for the agricultural production in arid areas. Wheat is a water-consuming mesophyt. Under normal conditions, its transpiration coefficient is about 450-550. In its growth and development process, there are two periods of the most sensitive to water shortage, especially as the critical period of water. From the end of tillering to heading stage for the first critical period; filling stage to milky stage for the second critical period. During these two periods of drought, the output reduction is the most serious. Agricultural proverb says “Mai fear pinch neck drought”, “grouting case of dry wind, wheat 秕 ear empty” vividly depicts the critical symptoms of wheat water shortage.