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目的探讨丁草胺对斑马鱼及其胚胎的发育毒性,并确定其最大未观察到有害作用浓度。方法参照OECD推荐的方法,选用急性毒性试验、肝脏酶活性测定及胚胎发育毒性试验进行研究。斑马鱼及其胚胎通过水环境暴露接触丁草胺后,分别测定LC50、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、腺苷三磷酸酶(ATPase)活性、孵化率、死亡率、畸变率等指标。结果丁草胺对斑马鱼的96h LC50为0.951mg/L(95%可信限:0.681~1.313mg/L),属极高毒类除草剂。在0.16~0.32mg/L浓度范围内,丁草胺对SOD酶活性有抑制作用;在0.08~0.32mg/L浓度范围内,丁草胺对ATPase酶活性有抑制作用。丁草胺对斑马鱼胚胎的发育也有明显的影响。对照组与丁草胺各处理组的120h孵化率分别为96%、92%、72%和44%,120h死亡率分别为2%、4%、10%和20%,120h畸变率分别为2%、2%、10%和16%。丁草胺处理组的孵化率低于对照组,死亡率、畸变率高于对照组。与对照组相比,0.018和0.036mg/L丁草胺处理组胚胎发育明显迟缓,仔鱼身长明显变短,差异有统计学意义。结论丁草胺是一种高毒除草剂,对斑马鱼肝脏ATPase和SOD酶活性有抑制作用,能致斑马鱼胚胎发育迟缓和畸变。在本试验条件下,丁草胺最大未观察到有害作用浓度为0.009mg/L。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the developmental toxicity of butachlor to zebrafish and its embryos and to determine the maximum unnoticeable concentration. Methods OECD recommended methods, selection of acute toxicity test, liver enzyme activity determination and embryonic developmental toxicity test. After exposure to butachlor, the zebrafish and its embryos were exposed to aqueous environment, and the activities of LC50, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ATPase activity, hatchability, mortality and aberration were determined. Results The 96 h LC50 of butachlor to zebrafish was 0.951 mg / L (95% confidence limit: 0.681 ~ 1.313 mg / L). It is an extremely toxic herbicide. Butachlor inhibited the activity of SOD in the concentration range of 0.16-0.32 mg / L, while it inhibited the activity of ATPase in the concentration range of 0.08-0.32 mg / L. Butachlor also has a significant effect on the development of zebrafish embryos. The hatchability of control group and butachlor treatment group were 96%, 92%, 72% and 44% at 120 h, respectively. The 120 h mortality rates were 2%, 4%, 10% and 20% %, 2%, 10% and 16%. The hatching rate of butachlor treated group was lower than that of the control group, and the mortality and the rate of distortion were higher than those of the control group. Compared with the control group, the embryos development of butachlor treated group was significantly delayed and the length of larvae significantly shorter, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Butachlor is a highly toxic herbicide that inhibits the activity of ATPase and SOD in the liver of zebrafish and causes delayed development and distortion of zebrafish embryos. Under the test conditions, the maximum concentration of butachlor was not observed to be 0.009 mg / L.