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1912年1月1日,中华民国临时政府在南京成立,孙中山就任临时大总统。时任清廷内阁总理大臣的袁世凯,凭藉北洋势力和外国列强的支持,胁迫孙中山让位和挟制清末帝溥仪逊位,窃取了民国临时大总统职位,组成了北京政府。民国2年,袁世凯派人刺杀了宋教仁,在取得了帝国主义列强提供的“善后大借款”后,镇压了孙中山领导的“二次革命”。袁世凯在攫取了民国正式大总统职位后,篡改约法,解散国会,实行独裁专制。民国4年,袁世凯不顾全国人民的一致反对,接受了日本提出的丧权辱国
January 1, 1912, the provisional government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing, Sun Yat-sen became temporary president. Yuan Shikai, then the prime minister of the Qing court, withdrew his support of the Northern powers and the foreign powers, coerced Sun Yat-sen in abetting the system and took hostages at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and stole the provisional presidential post of the Republic of China to form the Beijing government. In the two years of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai assassinated Song Jiaoren and suppressed the “second revolution” led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen after obtaining the “good loans” provided by the imperialist powers. After seizing the official presidential post of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai tampered with Covenant, dissolved the parliament and imposed a dictatorship. In the four years of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai, in disregard of the unanimous opposition of the people throughout the country, accepted Japan’s humiliating and degrading regime