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森林水文研究历近百年，试验台站遍及全球．观测数据也相当丰富，但作为一个学科仍远未成熟，研究者在几乎所有大问题上都存在分歧。在林水文学在研究方法上有宏观与微观脱节．因果逻辑循环，区域与总体不整合的问题，以致在流域蒸发上众说纷纭，森林与年径流及枯水的关系甚至在定性上也相互矛盾，导致了林业生态效益评价上的困难。作者从系统结构和响应上分析了造成这些体论的内在原因，提出植物的光谱特征是解决林地能量平衡和蒸散发的关键，河槽切割深度与水源组成是流域整合破缺的根源，以及林地土在涵养水源上的独特作用，有助于从整体上把握现有的研究成果，理解各种不一致的观测现象。
Forest hydrology for nearly a hundred years, test stations throughout the world. Observational data is also quite rich, but as a discipline is still far from mature, researchers are divided on almost all major issues. There is a macro and micro disjunction in the research methods of forest and water literature. The logic of causation, the problem of regional integration and the overall non-integration, which led to a great deal of divergence in basin evaporation. The relationship between forests and annual runoff and dry water is even contradictory in qualitative terms, resulting in difficulties in assessing the ecological benefits of forestry. The author analyzes the internal causes of these theories from the aspects of system structure and response, and puts forward that the spectral characteristics of plants are the key to solve the energy balance and evapotranspiration of forest land. The depth of river channel and the composition of water source are the root causes of basin integration failure, The unique role of conservation in water conservation can help to grasp the existing research findings as a whole and understand various inconsistent observations.