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傩戏《孟姜女》的通俗意义 贵池乡间的傩戏并不好看。在祠堂里或打谷场上搭个台,演员就是腰粗腿硬的庄稼汉,操着乡音土语,大本嗓子演唱,没有伴奏,只是在句间衬以锣鼓点,村朴粗陋。傩戏能历经千年沧桑而不衰,特别是在解放初破除迷信和文化大革命“破四旧”的两次疾风暴雨之后,依然在农村演得红火,实在是文化的奇迹。 第五后艺术节“池州古戏曲展演”有个傩戏《孟姜女》,使笔者对傩戏的魅力有所领悟。在省城剧场上演的这个戏经历了艺术加工,演员训练有素,音乐、服装、灯光、舞美都很讲究,使傩戏的古朴面貌多了诗情画意。然而其精髓还是贵池乡间村社的“原汁原味”。 孟姜女给观众留下深刻印象。她身穿大襟宽袖的长裙,双手相叠于腹部,碎步行走——有的观众说像是穿和服的日本妇女。其实,这样说恰恰是说倒了:贵池乡间村社与日本国并无交往,傩戏的表演和服装不可能学自日本,而是我国唐代文化储留。日本在历史上曾学习大唐礼仪,穿和服的妇女像傩戏一样体现了大唐风貌。孟姜女的台步也很有意思,三步一倒,转身昂体,走出一种韵律。据介绍这是唐乐舞风格,名为“踏摇娘”,源于南北朝,盛行于唐。另外,还有其他一些舞台形式和台词的考证,都表明《孟姜女》在民间已经传演千年了。至今,贵池的傩事活动中几乎各村
Nuo opera “Meng Jiangnu” popular sense Gui Chi rural opera is not good-looking. In the ancestral hall or threshing floor to take a stage, the actor is a thick waist hard crop Han, accent accent, big voice singing, without accompaniment, but in the interlude between the percussion point, the village pristine. Nuo opera can not go through the vicissitudes of thousands of years, especially in the early liberation of superstition and the Cultural Revolution “four old” after two torrential rains, still in rural areas booming, it is a cultural miracle. After the Fifth Art Festival “Chizhou ancient operas show” there is a drama “Meng Jiangnv”, so I have some insight into the charm of opera. The drama performed in the provincial capital theater underwent artistic processing and well-trained performers. The music, costumes, lighting, and dance are very particular about the drama, which made the ancient scenes of the opera more poetic and artistic. However, its essence is still “authentic” in Guichi Village Country Club. Meng Jiangnu left a deep impression on the audience. She wore a long, wide-sleeved dress, folded her arms over her abdomen and walked on foot-and some viewers said that Japanese women in kimono. In fact, this is exactly to say that down: Guichi village clubs and Japan did not deal with the opera performances and costumes can not learn from Japan, but the cultural reserve of our country in the Tang Dynasty. Japan has historically learned Datang etiquette and women in kimono embody the Tang style as much as opera. Meng Jiang female step is also very interesting, three-step down, turn upside down, out of a rhythm. It is reported that this is the Tang music and dance style, called “riding a mother”, from the Northern and Southern Dynasties, popular in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, there are other textual criticisms of the stage forms and lines that indicate that “Meng Jiangnu” has been performed by the public for thousands of years. To date, almost every village in Guichi activities