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目的 估算北京市2018-2019流行季流感的发病率和住院率.方法 基于北京市昌平区和怀柔区的流感样病例(influenza like illness,ILI)监测、流感病原学监测、住院严重急性呼吸道感染(severe acute respiratory infection,SARI)病例监测和医疗卫生服务利用调查的数据,采用乘法模型估算流感的发病率和流感相关的SARI住院率.结果 北京市昌平区和怀柔区2018-2019流行季流感的发病率为5.4％(95％CI:4.5％～7.4％),流感相关的SARI住院率为31/10万(95％ CI:22/10万～44/10万),住院发病比约为1:174.发病率最高的为5～14岁组儿童,住院率、住院发病比最高的均为＜5岁儿童.北京市2018-2019流行季甲型H1N1流感导致的发病率(2.3％,95％CI:1.9％～3.2％)、住院率(17/10万,95％ CI:11/10万-28/10万)、住院发病比(1:137)高于其他亚型.结论 流感导致的疾病负担在儿童中尤为严重,建议制订针对儿童的免疫策略,预防流感传播.“,”Objective To estimate the incidence rate and hospitalization rate of seasonal influenza in Beijing,2018-2019.Methods A multiplier model was used to estimate the incidence rate of influenza and hospitalization rate of influenza-associated severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)based on influenza surveillance data in Changping district and Huairou district of Beijing,including influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance,pathogenic surveillance of influenza,SARI surveillance,as well as the data of health care service utilization.Results In 2018-2019 influenza season,the incidence rate of seasonal influenza was 5.4％ (95％CI:4.5％-7.4％) in Changping district and Huairou district.The influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rate was 31/100 000 (95％CI:22/100 000-44/100 000).The ratio of hospitalization rate to incidence rate was about 1:174.The incidence was the highest among children aged 5-14 years old.Both hospitalization rate and the ratio of hospitalization rate to incidence rate were the highest among children aged ＜ 5 years old.The incidence rate (2.3％,95％CI:1.9％-3.2％),influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rate (17/100 000,95％CI:11/100 000-28/100 000) and the ratio of hospitalization rate to incidence rate (1:137) related to influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 were higher than those related to any other subtype of influenza.Conclusions The disease burden of influenza was substantial among children.It is recommended to provide specific immunization program for children to prevent transmission of influenza.