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AIM:To investigate the influence of immune toleranceinduced by intrauterine exposure to fetal hepatocytes onliver transplantation in the adult rat.METHODS:LOU/CN rat fetal hepatocytes were injectedinto the fetuses of pregnant CHN rats(14-16 days ofgestation).At 7-9 weeks of age,the surviving male ratsreceived orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)from maleLOU/CN donors and the survival period was observed andmonitered by mixed lymphocyte reaction assay andcytotoxicity test.RESULTS:(1)A total of 31 pregnant CHN rats with 172fetuses received fetal hepatocytes from LOU/CN rats viaintrauterine injection.Among them,thirteen pregnant ratsshowed normal parturition,with 74 neonatal rats growingup normally.(2)The mean survival period after OLT in ratswith fetal exposure to fetal hepatocytes was 32.1±3.7 days,which was significantly different from the control(11.8±2.3days,P<0.01)in rats without fetal induction of immunetolerance.(3)Mixed lymphocyte proliferation assays yieldedremarkable discrepancies between the groups of rats with-orwithout fetal exposure to fetal hepatocytes,with values of8 411±1 361 and 22 473±1 856(CPM±SD,P<0.01)respectively.(4)Cytotoxicity assays showed values of 21.2±6.5% and64.5±7.2%(P<0.01)in adult rats with or without fetalinduction of immune tolerance.CONCLUSION:Intrauterine injection of fetal hepatocytes intorat fetuses can prolong the survival period of liver transplantadult male rats recipients,inducting immune tolerance in OLT.