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最近,在美国通用汽车公司的 Pontiac分公司的 GM20汽车的曲轴生产线上出现了两台曲轴车—拉机床。它所显示的奇特功能,引起了同行们的极大关注。在两次换刀之间,一台机床的拉刀可加工800根曲轴,另一台的却多达1600根。与传统的自动车床加工相比,刀具耐用度延长了10～20倍。且加工轴颈的表面光洁度、圆度、锥度和摆差也毫不逊色。车—拉工艺的基本原理如(图1)。与传统的车削法不同,拉刀是从曲轴的底部一点一点地切除金属。它既有车拉作用也有刮削作用。且刀具施于工件的压力和张力都很小,因此,它的变形和内应力也就小得多了。
Recently, two crankshaft-lathe machines appeared on the crankshaft production line of the GM20 car at General Motors’ Pontiac branch in the United States. It shows the peculiar function, aroused great concern of colleagues. Between two tool changes, a broach of a machine tool can process up to 800 crankshafts and up to 1,600 of the other. Compared with the traditional automatic lathe processing, tool durability extended by 10 to 20 times. And machined journal surface finish, roundness, taper and swing is no less. Car - pull the basic principles of technology such as (Figure 1). Unlike traditional turning methods, the broach cuts metal from the bottom of the crankshaft little by little. It has both the role of car pull and scraping effect. And the tool applied to the workpiece pressure and tension are very small, so its deformation and internal stress is much smaller.