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谷物中通常以淀粉的形式储存能量,淀粉由直链淀粉和支链淀粉组成.在胚乳中,支链淀粉生物合成中涉及二磷酸腺苷葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase,AGPase),可溶性淀粉合成酶(soluble starch synthase,ss),淀粉分支酶(starch branching enzyme,BE)和淀粉脱支酶(starch debranching enzyme,DBE)及其同工型一系列的酶反应,而直链淀粉合成需要AGPase和颗粒结合淀粉合成酶(granule-bound starch synthase,GBSS)的协同作用.同时质体淀粉磷酸化酶(plastidial starch phosphorylase,Pho)很可能对胚乳淀粉生物合成中的底物形成起重要作用.这些酶及其同工型的相互作用和差异表达使淀粉结构产生变化进而对谷物的质量和产量产生影响.综述了谷物胚乳淀粉生物合成过程中必要的酶及其同工型的作用,通过推断这些酶及其同工型在谷物胚乳中促进淀粉的生物合成所产生的作用,为提高谷物的产量和优化其品质提供参考.“,”Grains usually store energy in the form of starch which consists of amylose and amylopectin.In the endosperm,amylopectin biosynthesis involving a series of enzymatic reactions including ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase),soluble starch synthase (SS),starch branching enzyme (BE),starch debranching enzyme (DBE) and their isozymes,whereas amylose is synthesized by AGPase and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS).While plastid phosphorylase (Pho) is likely to play an important role in substrate formation during endosperm starch biosynthesis.The interactions and differential expressions of these enzymes and their isozymes may alter the starch structure and thus may have an effect on grain quality and yield.In this paper,the roles of essential enzymes and their isoforms in the endosperm starch biosynthesis were reviewed.The research provided a good reference for improving the quality and yield of grain.