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历史教法专家娜塔利亚·伊万诺夫娜·扎波罗热茨所著的《历史学科培养能力与技巧的方式与方法》(下简称《方式方法》),第一次提出各年级的能力目标,为苏联中学历史教学大纲的制定和改革提供了理论的依据。因此,《方式方法》一书在苏联有较高的学术地位,是中学历史教学的主要参考书之一。现在,中央教育科学研究所副研究员白月桥已把此书译成中文,并由河北教育出版社出版了,这对我国中学历史教学界了解苏联中学历史教学情况,借鉴他们的经验,是很有帮助的。《方式方法》一书不但从教育心理和控制论原理的角度,提出了发展学生能力的理论依据,而且在实践上也找到了发展4—8年级学生能力的具体途径。一、明确历史学科的能力范围,系统提出各年级的能力要求。《方式方法》的作者,结合学校历史学科的特
The “Methods and Methods for Cultivating Competence and Skills in History Discipline” (hereinafter referred to as “method method”) written by Nataliya Ivanovna Zaporozeci, an expert in history teaching, was first proposed for each grade. The ability goals provide a theoretical basis for the formulation and reform of Soviet middle school history teaching syllabus. Therefore, the book “Methods and Methods” has a higher academic status in the Soviet Union and is one of the major reference books for the teaching of history in middle schools. Now, Bai Yueqiao, an associate researcher at the Central Institute of Educational Sciences, has translated the book into Chinese and published by Hebei Education Press. This is a good understanding of the historical teaching situation of Soviet secondary schools in the history teaching field of middle schools in China. It is very useful to learn from their experiences. helpful. The book “Methods and Methods” not only puts forward the theoretical basis for the development of students’ ability from the perspective of educational psychology and cybernetics, but also finds practical ways to develop the abilities of students in grades 4-8. First, define the scope of the ability of the history discipline, and systematically propose the ability requirements for each grade. The author of “Methods and Methods” combines the specialties of the school history disciplines.