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目的了解遵义市2001-2012年遵义市甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)的流行病学特征,为制定甲肝控制措施提供依据。方法收集遵义市12年间法定报告传染病疫情及突发公共卫生事件中甲肝疫情资料,运用流行病学方法进行分析。结果 12年间共报告甲肝病例11 015例,报告发病率为32.36~1.08/10万之间,平均报告发病率为13.46/10万,报告病例主要分布在两城区及周边的遵义县、桐梓县、绥阳县、仁怀市和边远欠发达的务川县;职业以农民较多占37.53%,其次是学生占32.59%和散居儿童占7.94%;年龄以5~34岁年龄段为高发占67.31%;男性高于女性,男女比为1.74︰1(χ2=586.22,P<0.01)。结论加强食品和饮用水监测与管理和农村改水改厕,提高甲肝疫苗接种率,是控制甲肝暴发的有效措施。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A virus (A) in Zunyi city from 2001 to 2012 and provide basis for the development of control measures. Methods The epidemic situation of legal notifiable infectious diseases and the epidemic situation of hepatitis A in public health emergencies during the past 12 years in Zunyi were collected and analyzed by epidemiological method. Results A total of 11 015 cases of hepatitis A were reported during the 12 years. The reported incidence was between 32.36 and 1.08 per 100 000. The average reported incidence was 13.46 per 100 000. The reported cases were mainly located in Zunyi County and Tongzi County, Suiyang County, Renhuai City, and less well-developed Wuchuan County. Occupation accounted for 37.53% of the farmers, followed by 32.59% of the students and 7.94% of the scattered children. The age ranged from 67.31 %; Men than women, male to female ratio was 1.74: 1 (χ2 = 586.22, P <0.01). Conclusion Strengthening the monitoring and management of food and drinking water and changing water and toilets in rural areas to improve the vaccination rate of hepatitis A are effective measures to control the outbreak of hepatitis A.