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本文首先对for与of的语类进行分析与界定,认为二者不仅具有实义语类介词的特征,而且具有功能语类的特征,for为标句词,of为格标记。然后,运用格理论和题元理论对for与of在句法功能方面的异同进行比较,发现它们虽然都能保证相关名词短语在句中合法存在,但是for是给不定式分句的指示语指派宾格,而of则是作为所有格的标记,在名词或形容词给内主目语授予所有格时插入的。二者这种句法功能的差异在It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.结构中得到具体体现。
In this paper, we first analyze and define the categories of for and of, and think that they have not only the characteristics of the real language class prepositions, but also the features of the functional categories. Then, using the theory of lattice and thematic elements to compare the similarities and differences between for and of in syntactic functions, we find that although both of them guarantee the existence of the related noun phrase in the sentence, for is the indicator of the indefinite clause. Lattice, and of is used as a marker of all lattices inserted when the noun or adjective grants all headings within the heading. The difference between the two syntactic functions is embodied in It is adj. For / of sb. To do sth.