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含甙类为主的中药材,在植物类药材中仅次于含生物碱药材而居第二位。甙,是一种重要的有效成份,为配糖体和甙元组成的复杂化合物,大多数为无色,无臭的结晶性物质,具有苦味,多溶于水,可溶于乙醇。甙类的溶液没有还原作用,但水解后,因产生单糖致具有较强的还原作用。与甙类同存的还有多种酶,酶或稀酸溶液均可使甙水解而产生甙元和糖,但酶与甙分别存在于相异的细胞中,完整药材中存在的甙不易被酶解,然经切制,加工等过程时,由于破坏细胞组织而增加接触,可促进甙的分解。甙的药物效应,有的是以整体甙发挥作用,如强心甙、皂甙,当分解成甙元后即可失去药理作用或使毒性增大,有的为甙元部份较稳定,生理活性较显著,则以甙元发挥药物效应而产生医疗作用,如黄酮类,蒽酯类,香豆精甙
The Chinese herbal medicines containing glycosides are second only to those containing alkaloids in plant medicines. Anthraquinone is an important active ingredient. It is a complex compound composed of glycosides and aglycone. Most of them are colorless, odorless crystalline substances with a bitter taste, are soluble in water, and are soluble in ethanol. The quinones solution does not have a reducing effect, but after hydrolysis, it has a strong reducing effect due to the production of monosaccharides. A variety of enzymes coexist with quinones. Enzymes or dilute acid solutions can hydrolyze quails to produce glycogen and sugars, but enzymes and quinones are present in distinct cells. The presence of quinones in intact herbs is not easily In enzymatic hydrolysis, when the process of cutting, processing, etc. is performed, the contact is increased due to the destruction of cell tissue, and the decomposition of hydrazine can be promoted. Some of the drug effects of sputum are due to the effects of the whole sputum, such as cardiac glycosides and saponins, which can lose their pharmacological effects or increase the toxicity when they are broken down into gills. Some gills are more stable and their physiological activity is more pronounced. In order to produce a medical effect with a drug effect, such as flavonoids, oxime esters, and coumarin