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人群流行病学调查和动物学实验均已证实镍可以引起肺癌和鼻咽癌,1987年国际癌症研究机构(IARC)将镍及其化合物列为一类致癌物。镍致癌过程中,细胞遗传物质结构和功能遭受破坏、癌基因活化、抑癌基因失活可启动细胞癌变;细胞抗氧化系统的失衡、细胞骨架系统损伤、DNA损伤修复受抑制则促进细胞的癌变进程。镍通过促进DNA超甲基化,抑制组蛋白乙酰化,进一步使染色质浓缩,从而使基因沉默。其中,癌基因(如ras、myc)的激活、抑癌基因(如Rb、p53)的失活是镍致癌的关键。
Epidemiological and zoological epidemiological studies have confirmed that nickel can cause lung cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified nickel and its compounds as a group of carcinogens. In the process of nickel carcinogenesis, the structure and function of cytogenetic material are damaged, the oncogenes are activated and the tumor suppressor gene inactivation can initiate cell carcinogenesis. The imbalance of cellular antioxidant system, cytoskeletal system damage and DNA damage repair are inhibited to promote the carcinogenesis of cells process. Nickel silences genes by promoting DNA hypermethylation, inhibiting histone acetylation, and further concentrating chromatin. Among them, the activation of oncogenes (such as ras, myc), tumor suppressor genes (such as Rb, p53) is the key to nickel carcinogenesis.