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科学与技术的特点了解了蒸汽机和计算机器件的历史情况后,我们可以提出这样的问题;科学和技术是怎样相互作用的呢? 正如很多人了解到的,这是一条双行路。前面所举的两个实例也说明了这一点,即科学与技术相互影响与被影响。当然,我们习惯于科学为技术作贡献这一说法。晶体管就是科学知识在技术上应用而产生辉煌成果的一例。另一方面,蒸汽机的发展是在社会应用需求的驱动下实践者不断对它革新。到了十九世纪三十年代,社会对蒸汽机的更高要求,促使人们去研究蒸汽机的基本原理,从而促
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Knowing the history of steam engines and computer devices, we can ask the question: How does science and technology interact? As many have learned, this is a two-way road. The two examples cited above also illustrate the fact that science and technology interact and be affected. Of course, we are accustomed to saying that science contributes to technology. Transistors are just one example of the brilliant results in the application of scientific knowledge in technology. On the other hand, the development of steam engines is constantly being revolutionized by practitioners driven by the needs of social applications. By the thirties of the nineteenth century, the higher social demand for steam engines prompted people to study the basic principles of steam engines so that