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动词-ing形式是非谓语动词的三种形式之一, 结构虽然不是很复杂, 但内涵丰富, 功能多样。今天我们就着重谈谈动词-ing形式的被动式。下面的表格会让我们对它的构成有比较清晰的了解。
The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed being caught.
松鼠很幸运, 逃脱了捕获。
Having been exposed to the sunlight for long, you will feel faint and sick.
长时间暴露在阳光下, 你会感到头晕、不舒服。
就语法功能而言, 动词-ing形式可以在句中充当以下6种成分：
1. 作主语
Being exposed to the sunlight for long is harmful to your skin.
长时间暴露在阳光下对你的皮肤不好。
细心的同学会发现这个句子跟前面一个句子很像, 但形式不同。我们要记住的是：动词-ing的完成被动式不能作主语。
2. 作宾语
①作动词宾语
Nobody likes being laughed at in public. 没有人喜欢被当众嘲笑。
想掌握动词-ing形式的被动式作宾语的用法, 首先要记住常见的后面要求跟-ing形式作宾语的动词，如：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, admit, delay, avoid, miss, practise, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, risk, mind, escape。
②作介词宾语
I heard of his having been chosen to be captain of the school football team.
我听说他被选为学校足球队的队长了。
3. 作宾补
I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过一个小女孩的房间时, 我听见她正在唱英文歌。
动词-ing形式的被动式作宾补的机会并不多, 更常见的是直接用动词的过去分词作宾补。
With his hands tied behind, he came in.
他进来了, 双手被捆在背后。
许多同学在造这个句子时, 常常会把tied 错用作being tied。前一句中passed这个动作跟being sung这个动作同时发生；而后一句中tied这个动作在他came in之前已经发生或完成了。
4. 作定语
The party being held in our club is royal.
正在我们俱乐部举行的舞会很盛大。
谈到being done 这种形式作定语, 就必须弄清楚done, to be done和being done作定语的区别。
Have you been invited to the party to be held tomorrow?
你被邀请参加明天的舞会了吗？
The party held yesterday was very royal.
昨天举行的舞会非常盛大。
being held表示正在进行的被动动作； to be held表示被动动作还未发生； held表示被动动作已经完成。
5. 作状语
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
尽管被告知过很多次, 他仍然犯了同样的错误。
动词-ing形式的完成被动式中分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成或说话人有意识地强调这种先后顺序。这句话中“被告之过许多次”显然发生在“仍然犯同样的错误之前”。
6. 作表语
South China is being flooded because of the continuous heavy rain.
由于持续的强降雨, 华南正在被洪水包围。
练习
1. Research_________out at Livepool University supports this idea and suggests that if we don’t use the sense of direction, we’ll lose it.
A. to carrry B. carrying
C. being carried D. having carried
2. At the beginning of the class, the noise of desk_________could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed
B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed
D. to open and close
3._________is a big surprise to us because he is very capable of his work.
A. Fired B. Firing
C. His being fired D. Havingfired
4._________in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized that he had left the cheque in the car.
A. Waiting B. To wait
C. Having waited D. To have waited
5. I still remember__________________Beijing. (take)
我仍然记得被带去北京那件事。
6._________ your wedding is my great honor. (invite)
受邀参加你的婚礼是我极大的荣幸。
7._________ , we know how to operate the system. （train）
经过了一年的训练，我们知道如何操作这个系统。
8. My mother allowed me to go out__________________. （with）
妈妈允许我出去, 因为我的作业做完了。
9.__________________for several days, these flowers finally died. （water）
几天没浇水, 这些花都死了。
10.__________________ the Water Cube, we were taken to see the Bird’s Nest. （show）
参观完水立方后, 我们又被带去看了鸟巢。
参考答案
1~4CCCC
5. being taken to
6. Being invited to attend
7. Having been trained for a year
8. with my work finished
9. Not having been watered
10. Having been shown around
The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed being caught.
松鼠很幸运, 逃脱了捕获。
Having been exposed to the sunlight for long, you will feel faint and sick.
长时间暴露在阳光下, 你会感到头晕、不舒服。
就语法功能而言, 动词-ing形式可以在句中充当以下6种成分：
1. 作主语
Being exposed to the sunlight for long is harmful to your skin.
长时间暴露在阳光下对你的皮肤不好。
细心的同学会发现这个句子跟前面一个句子很像, 但形式不同。我们要记住的是：动词-ing的完成被动式不能作主语。
2. 作宾语
①作动词宾语
Nobody likes being laughed at in public. 没有人喜欢被当众嘲笑。
想掌握动词-ing形式的被动式作宾语的用法, 首先要记住常见的后面要求跟-ing形式作宾语的动词，如：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, admit, delay, avoid, miss, practise, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, risk, mind, escape。
②作介词宾语
I heard of his having been chosen to be captain of the school football team.
我听说他被选为学校足球队的队长了。
3. 作宾补
I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过一个小女孩的房间时, 我听见她正在唱英文歌。
动词-ing形式的被动式作宾补的机会并不多, 更常见的是直接用动词的过去分词作宾补。
With his hands tied behind, he came in.
他进来了, 双手被捆在背后。
许多同学在造这个句子时, 常常会把tied 错用作being tied。前一句中passed这个动作跟being sung这个动作同时发生；而后一句中tied这个动作在他came in之前已经发生或完成了。
4. 作定语
The party being held in our club is royal.
正在我们俱乐部举行的舞会很盛大。
谈到being done 这种形式作定语, 就必须弄清楚done, to be done和being done作定语的区别。
Have you been invited to the party to be held tomorrow?
你被邀请参加明天的舞会了吗？
The party held yesterday was very royal.
昨天举行的舞会非常盛大。
being held表示正在进行的被动动作； to be held表示被动动作还未发生； held表示被动动作已经完成。
5. 作状语
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
尽管被告知过很多次, 他仍然犯了同样的错误。
动词-ing形式的完成被动式中分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成或说话人有意识地强调这种先后顺序。这句话中“被告之过许多次”显然发生在“仍然犯同样的错误之前”。
6. 作表语
South China is being flooded because of the continuous heavy rain.
由于持续的强降雨, 华南正在被洪水包围。
练习
1. Research_________out at Livepool University supports this idea and suggests that if we don’t use the sense of direction, we’ll lose it.
A. to carrry B. carrying
C. being carried D. having carried
2. At the beginning of the class, the noise of desk_________could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed
B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed
D. to open and close
3._________is a big surprise to us because he is very capable of his work.
A. Fired B. Firing
C. His being fired D. Havingfired
4._________in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized that he had left the cheque in the car.
A. Waiting B. To wait
C. Having waited D. To have waited
5. I still remember__________________Beijing. (take)
我仍然记得被带去北京那件事。
6._________ your wedding is my great honor. (invite)
受邀参加你的婚礼是我极大的荣幸。
7._________ , we know how to operate the system. （train）
经过了一年的训练，我们知道如何操作这个系统。
8. My mother allowed me to go out__________________. （with）
妈妈允许我出去, 因为我的作业做完了。
9.__________________for several days, these flowers finally died. （water）
几天没浇水, 这些花都死了。
10.__________________ the Water Cube, we were taken to see the Bird’s Nest. （show）
参观完水立方后, 我们又被带去看了鸟巢。
参考答案
1~4CCCC
5. being taken to
6. Being invited to attend
7. Having been trained for a year
8. with my work finished
9. Not having been watered
10. Having been shown around