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目的了解北京市昌平区狂犬病和动物致伤流行特征及预防接种情况,为加强狂犬病防制工作提供依据。方法收集昌平区1980—2016年狂犬病病例资料、2012—2016年动物致伤患者资料,对狂犬病病例及动物致伤患者的流行病学特征进行描述性分析。结果昌平区1980—2016年共发生狂犬病14例,最后1例发生于2014年,男性11例,女性3例;潜伏期最短9 d,最长1.5年,中位数为63 d;病程1~6 d;病例均未接种过狂犬病疫苗。2012—2016年动物致伤85 796人,男性48 172人,女性37 624人,男女比例1.3∶1;以20~<50岁为主,占57.60%;致伤时间集中于5—10月,占61.45%;致伤动物以犬类为主,占89.37%;Ⅲ级暴露者共13 999人,占16.32%,Ⅲ级暴露者被动免疫制剂接种率仅为50.37%;就诊于一级医院、无致伤动物免疫史的Ⅲ级暴露者被动免疫制剂接种率均相对较低(P<0.05)。结论Ⅲ级暴露者被动免疫制剂接种率偏低,应加强狂犬病防制知识宣传及二级以下医院狂犬病预防接种门诊的培训和督导。
Objective To understand the prevalence and vaccination status of rabies and animals in Changping District of Beijing and provide the basis for strengthening the prevention and control of rabies. Methods The data of rabies cases from 1980 to 2016 in Changping District and the data of animal injuries from 2012 to 2016 were collected. The epidemiological characteristics of rabies and animal injuries were analyzed. Results A total of 14 rabies cases were found in Changping District from 1980 to 2016. The last 1 case occurred in 2014, with 11 males and 3 females. The shortest incubation period was 9 days and the longest period was 1.5 years with a median of 63 days. The duration of disease ranged from 1 to 6 d; none of the rabies vaccines were vaccinated. There were 85 796 animal injuries in 2012-2016, including 48 172 males and 37 624 females, with a ratio of 1.3 to 1 for males and females; 57.60% were mainly for females aged 20 to <50 years; injuries were mainly from May to October, Accounting for 61.45% of the total; animals were mainly dogs, accounting for 89.37% of the total; animals of Grade III were 13,999, accounting for 16.32% of all, and those receiving immunization of Grade III were only 50.37% Inoculation rates of passive immunization agents were relatively lower (P <0.05). Conclusion The level of passive immunization inoculation of patients with grade Ⅲ exposure is low, so it is necessary to strengthen the knowledge of rabies control and the training and supervision of rabies vaccination clinics in hospitals below the second grade.