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目的了解甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情的特点,为控制学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情提供科学依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,对广州市首起甲型H1N1流感暴发小学的每一个病例进行问卷调查。对发病3d内的现症患者采集咽拭子标本,使用real-timeRT-PCR方法检测甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸。对密切接触者进行7d的医学观察。收集学校所在社区部分流感样病例咽拭子标本,了解甲型H1N1流感病毒感染状况。结果疫情持续14d,共发生流感样病例96例,罹患率为5.90%。采集21份现症患者咽拭子标本,其中14份甲型H1N1核酸为阳性。302名密切接触者经过7d医学观察,未发生被感染病例。采集275份社区流感样病例咽拭子标本,甲型H1N1流感核酸阳性率为5.81%。结论此次疫情为广州市首起小学甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情,感染来源为社区。甲型H1N1流感疫情流行病学特征与季节性流感相似。
Objective To understand the characteristics of outbreaks of Influenza A (H1N1) and provide a scientific basis for controlling the outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in schools. Methods A field epidemiological survey method was used to survey each case of the first outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in Guangzhou. Throat swabs were collected from patients with newly diagnosed disease within 3 days and the nucleic acid of influenza A (H1N1) virus was detected by real-time RT-PCR. 7d medical observation of close contacts. Collect throat swab samples from some flu-like cases in the community where the school is located to understand the status of the H1N1 influenza virus infection. Results The epidemic continued for 14 days, with a total of 96 influenza-like cases, with an attack rate of 5.90%. Twenty-one throat swab specimens were collected, of which 14 were positive for type A H1N1. 302 close contacts after 7d medical observation, there was no case of infection. A total of 275 samples of throat swabs from community flu-like illness were collected. The positive rate of influenza A (H1N1) nucleic acid was 5.81%. Conclusion The outbreak was the first primary outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in Guangzhou. The source of infection was the community. Epidemiological characteristics of influenza A (H1N1) are similar to seasonal flu.