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一、空调器和压缩机 根据中美市场准入谈判达成的协议,1994年12月31日后,我国将取消4000大卡以上的空调器、5千瓦以上的制冷压缩机进口许可证和进口配额。从目前情况看,空调器面临的冲击要远远大于压缩机。各种压缩机“八五”期末生产能力为170万台/年,实际产量小于需求的差距可能达150万台/年。全国5千瓦以上的制冷压缩机现在产量很小,供不应求,将来国内市场可能被进口产品占领。空调器国内组装能力超过300万台,而社会年需求量只有150～200万台,市场前景暗淡。4000大卡以上的空调器又是“八五”投资热点,受未来国内与国外两个市场的双重夹击,企业面临的挑战非常严峻。
I. Air conditioners and compressors According to the agreement reached in the market access negotiations between China and the United States, after December 31, 1994, China will cancel more than 4,000 kcal air conditioners and more than 5 kilowatts of refrigeration compressor import licenses and import quotas. From the current situation, the impact of air conditioners is much greater than that of compressors. The capacity of various compressors at the end of the “Eighth Five-Year Plan” period is 1.7 million units/year, and the actual output less than the demand may reach 1.5 million units/year. Refrigerant compressors with a capacity of more than 5 kilowatts across the country are now producing very small quantities, which are in short supply. In the future, the domestic market may be occupied by imported products. The air-conditioner’s domestic assembly capacity exceeds 3 million units, and the annual social demand is only 1.5 to 2 million units. The market prospects are dim. The air-conditioners over 4,000 calories are also the hot spots of the “Eighth Five-Year Plan” investment. Due to the double attacks between domestic and foreign markets in the future, the challenges faced by enterprises are very severe.